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Inflammation > Chronic Inflammation > Flashcards

Chronic Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

Which environmental cytokine profile promotes differentiation of CD4 T-helper cells into Th17 lymphocytes in the gastrointestinal tract?

a. TGF-beta
b. IFN-Gamma + IL-12
c. IL-4
d. TNF-alpha
e. TGF-beta + IL-1 + IL-6

A

e, “Mechanisms of Disease: Inflammatory Bowel Disease.” Abraham et al. NEJM. 2009. 361. p2070

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2
Q

Which cytokine promotes survival of Th17 lymphocytes in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases?

a. IFN-gamma
b. IL-10
c. IFN-alpha
d. IL-23
e. IL-11

A

d, “Mechanisms of Disease: Inflammatory Bowel Disease.” Abraham et al. NEJM. 2009. 361. p2074-5

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3
Q

Regulatory T cells’ modes of action include all of the following EXCEPT

a. secretion of inhibitory cytokines
b. inhibition of dendritic cell function
c. granzyme-perforin-induced apoptosis of effector lymphocytes
d. depriving effector T-cells of cytokines leading to apoptosis
e. All of the above are modes of action of Treg cells

A

e, Tox Path 2012 40:186 Regulatory T cells: Diverse phenotypes integral to immune homeostasis and suppression

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4
Q

A primary secreted product of classically activated macrophages is

a. IFN-gamma
b. IL-12
c. IL-10
d. PDGF
e. Histamine

A

b, Robbins 6th edition p 81

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5
Q

What do activated T-cells produce to recruit macrophages?

a. IL-17
b. IL-10
c. IL-12
d. IFN-gamma
e. IL-7

A

a, IL-17, PBVD, p 73 figure 2-25

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6
Q

Th17 lymphocytes induce secretion of all of the following interleukins except:

a. IL-17A
b. IL-17F
c. IL-21
d. IL-26
e. IL-23

A

e, PBVD, 5th ed. p. 128

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7
Q

Activation of which factor enhances fibroblast proliferation?

a. PHD-3
b. PHD-1
c. HIF-1a
d. FIH
e. Ubiquitin

A

c, PBVD, 5th ed, p. 137

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8
Q

Under the influence of IL-17, which of the following does NOT secrete MMP?

a. Chondrocytes
b. Endothelial cells
c. Fibroblasts
d. Macrophages
e. Osteoblasts

A

d, N Engl J Med 2009; 361: 888-98

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9
Q

Chronic inflammation induces leukocytes to secrete mitogenic growth factors which may stimulate the proliferation of neoplastic cells. Which of the following is a mitogenic growth factor?

a. Transforming Growth Factor - beta
b. Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha
c. Chemokines
d. a and b
e. a, b, and c

A

e, 2013 Coussens, Lisa et al. Neutralizing Tumor Promoting Chronic Inflammation: A Magic Bullet? Science. 18 January Vol 339

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10
Q

What is INCORRECT regarding hepatic fibrosis?

a. Collagen I, III, and IV are involved
b. Other matrix proteins involved are fibronectin, elastin, laminin, and proteoglycans
c. Major genes involved in extracellular matrix proteins in fibrosis are COL1A1 and COL3A1
d. Increased synthesis and decreased degradation of the proteins involved in fibrosis formation are mediated by the Ito cell
e. Collagens I and II are the chief components of fibrous tissue in the liver

A

e, Kanemoto H. et al. Expression of Fibrosis-Related Genes in Canine Chronic Hepatitis. Vet Pathol. 2011 48: 839

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11
Q

TH2 responses are induced by high concentrations of all of the folllowing interleukins EXCEPT

a. IL-4
b. IL-10
c. IL-5
d. IL-2
e. IL-9

A

d, McGavin, M. Donald. Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 4th Edition. Mosby, 082006

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12
Q

Which one of the following is NOT involved in multinucleated giant cell formation?

a. IFN-gamma
b. IL-3
c. IL-4
d. TNF-alpha
e. GM-CSF

A

d, Zachary & McGavin (2012) pg 131

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13
Q

Which is the main component of eosinophilic material in eosinophilic granulomas?

a. Collagen
b. Major basic protein
c. Fibrin
d. Cell debris
e. Immune complex

A

b, Zachary & McGavin (2012) pg 125-126

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14
Q

Matrix metalloproteinases degrade basement membrane and extracellular matrix proteins. What co factor is necessary for MMPs to function?

a. Zinc
b. Iron
c. Calcium
d. Copper
e. Magnesium

A

a, Zachary & McGavin, 4th edition, page 181, table 4-6

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15
Q

Concerning chronic inflammation, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT

a. IL-12 is produced by dendritic cells and macrophages
b. IFN-gamma is produced by T lymphocytes and NK cells
c. IL-17 results in recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes
d. IL-6 is produced by macrophages
e. IFN-gamma results in activation of macrophages

A

d, Robbins and Cotran 8th Edition, 2010, pg. 61

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16
Q

All of the following are cytokines of the adaptive immune response EXCEPT

a. IL-12
b. IL-2
c. IL-17
d. IFN-gamma
e. IL-5

A

a, Robbins and Cotran, 8th Edition, 2010, pg. 193

17
Q

Which is NOT a function of TFG-beta?

a. Chemotaxis
b. TIMP synthesis
c. Keratinocyte proliferation
d. Keratinocyte migration
e. Fibroplasia

A

c, pg 87, Robbins and Cotran, 8th ed

18
Q

Which is NOT produced by macrophages?

a. IL-1
b. IL-6
c. IL-12
d. TNF-alpha
e. IFN-gamma

A

d, pg 61, Robbins and Cotran, 8th ed

19
Q

Flame figures in eosinophilic granulomas are largely composed of?

a. Arylsulfatase B
b. Major basic protein
c. Splendore-hoeppli material
d. Serum amyloid A
e. Eosinophilic cationic protein

A

b, pg 126, Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 5th ed

20
Q

TGF-beta plays a role in all of the following EXCEPT?

a. Collagen synthesis
b. Collagenase secretion
c. Fibroblast migration
d. Fibroblast proliferation
e. Monocyte chemotaxis

A

d, PBVD, chapter 3

21
Q

In hepatocytes, synthesis of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen is stimulated by which cytokine?

a. IL-1
b. IL-6
c. IL-12
d. IL-22
e. IL-23

A

b, Robbins and Cotran, p 74

22
Q

Which of the following induces both a TH1 and TH17 response?

a. IL-12
b. IL-13
c. IL-18
d. IL-23
e. IL-27

A

d, McGavin 5th Ed, 2012, p128

23
Q

Which of the following DOES NOT stimulate anti-inflammatory function of macrophages?

a. CD14
b. CD36
c. CD47
d. CD200R
e. IL-10

A

a, McGavin 5th Ed, 2012, p129

24
Q

In eosinophil activation, CCL-11 (eotaxin) binds to which receptor on the eosinophil surface?

a. CCR-1
b. CCR-3
c. CCR-4
d. CCR-5
e. CCR-6

A

b, Rosenberg, H.F. et al, Eosinophils: changing perspectives in health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol, 2013. 13(1): p. 9-22.

25
Q

In situ proliferation of macrophages is mediated by

a. IL-2
b. IL-4
c. IL-5
d. IL-12
e. IL-18

A

b, Review: Murray et al, Protective and pathogenic functions of macrophage subsets. Nat Rev Immunol, 2011. 11(11): p. 723-37. and original study: Jenkins, S.J., et al., Local macrophage proliferation, rather than recruitment from the blood, is a signature of TH2 inflammation. Science, 2011. 332(6035): p. 1284-8.

26
Q

Classically activated macrophages release all of the following, EXCEPT

a. IL-1
b. IL-23
c. NO
d. RELM
e. TNF

A

d, Review: Murray et al, Protective and pathogenic functions of macrophage subsets. Nat Rev Immunol, 2011. 11(11): p. 723-37.

27
Q

Alternative activation of macrophages is mediated via

a. STAT-1
b. STAT-2
c. STAT-3
d. STAT-4
e. STAT-6

A

e, Review: Murray et al, Protective and pathogenic functions of macrophage subsets. Nat Rev Immunol, 2011. 11(11): p. 723-37.

28
Q

The frequency of mineralization in tuberculoid granulomas follows which order?

a. Cattle > Pigs > Sheep
b. Cattle > Sheep > Pigs
c. Sheep > Pigs > Cattle
d. Pigs > Cattle > Sheep
e. Pigs > Sheep > Cattle

A

a, PBVD, p 123

29
Q

Expression of MadCAM-1 is restricted to what tissue?

a. Lymph node
b. Spleen
c. Thymus
d. Bone marrow
e. Peyer’s patch

A

a, PBVD, p. 145

30
Q

GM-CSF and FLT3L regulate the maturation of which of the following cell populations?

a. Microglial cells
b. Langerhans cells
c. Dendritic cells
d. Kuppfer cells
e. All of the above

A

c, Nature, 2013, 496: 445-455, p. 446

31
Q

Which of the following stimuli will result in classically activated macrophages?

a. IL-1
b. IL-12
c. IL-13
d. a and b
e. a and c

A

d, Robbins and Cotran, 8th Edition, 2010, p. 54

Inflammation (4 decks)

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