Chronic Disease Flashcards
1
Q
Normal BP
A
under 120/80
2
Q
At risk BP
A
120-139/80-90
3
Q
High BP
A
140/90
4
Q
Type I diabetes
A
body does not produce insulin due to immune cells attacking pancreatic B-cells
5
Q
Type 2 diabetes
A
body develops insulin resistance, most common form
6
Q
Gestational diabetes
A
develops in pregnant women
7
Q
Symptoms of diabetes
A
frequent urination, excessive thirst, severe hunger, changes in vision, tingling/numbness in hands and feet, extreme lethargy, dry skin, slow healing sores, increased infection rate
8
Q
Diabetes causes
A
increase in blood glucose levels, can lead to heart disease, blindness, kidney failure, lower extremity amputations
9
Q
Hemoglobin A1c normal
A
under 5.7%
10
Q
Hemoglobin A1c at-risk
A
5-7% to 6.4%
11
Q
Hemoglobin A1c High
A
6.5% or higher
12
Q
Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) normal result
A
under 100mg/dL
13
Q
Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) pre-diabetes result
A
100-125mg/dL
14
Q
Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) diabetes result
A
126+mg/dL
15
Q
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) normal result
A
under 140mg/dL
16
Q
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) pre-diabetes result
A
140-199mg/dL
17
Q
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) diabetes result
A
200+mg/dL
18
Q
Random (casual) glucose test (what is?)
A
checked randomly at any time of day, used by diabetics to monitor blood sugar
19
Q
BP is defined as…
A
the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries that carry blood from the heart to other parts of the body. measured with a cuff
20
Q
Systolic BP
A
pressure in blood vessles when the heart beats
21
Q
Diastolic BP
A
pressure in the blood vessels when the heart is at rest
22
Q
Symptoms of High BP
A
no warning signs or symptoms
23
Q
Risk factors for high BP
A
prehypertension, diabetes mellitus, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, obesity, alcohol, tobacco, genetics, age, sex race
24
Q
Treatment for high BP
A
diet, exercise, lifestyle choices
25
How many Americans have hypertension?
75 million (1 in 3 adults)
26
How many Americans have hypertension under control?
about half (54%)
27
Risk factors for type 1 diabetes
genetics
28
Risk factors for type 2 diabetes
unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, obesity, age, sex race
29
Treatment for Diabetes
diet, exercise, medications/insulin, consults with healthcare specialists
30
What is the 7th leading cause of death in the US/
diabetes
31
How many people with diabetes are unaware they have it?
1/4 of all people with diabetes are unaware they have it
32
Is there a cure for diabetes?
no. investigations are underway to discover a cure
33
Obesity is defined as...
excess body fat
34
What is the leading cause of death in the US?
CAD
35
Symptoms of obesity
weight gain, increased waist circumference
36
Underweight BMI is
below 18.5
37
Healthy weight BMI is
18.5-24.9
38
Overweight BMI is
25-29.9
39
Obese BMI is
30+
40
At risk waist to hip ratio for men
over .95
41
At risk waist to hip ratio for women
over .85
42
Normal waist circumference for men
less than 37 in
43
Normal waist circumference for women
less than 31.5 in
44
At risk waist circumference for men
37.1-39.9 in
45
At risk waist circumference for women
31.6-34.9 in
46
High risk waist circumference for men
over 40 in
47
High risk waist circumference for women
over 35 in
48
How to measure BMI (standard calculation)
weight (lbs.)/height (in.) squared X 703= BMI
49
How to measure BMI (metric calculation)
weight in kg./height (meters) squared= BMI *note-divide height in cm by 100 to obtain meters
50
Coronary artery disease is....
plaque buildup in coronary arteries
51
Heart attack occurs when...
blood flow to heart blocked, heart stops beating
52
Arrhythmia is...
irregular heartbeat
53
Coronary artery disease can cause chest pain and leads to.....
atherosclerosis (reduced arterial blood flow due to plaque)
54
Acute symptoms of CAD
jaw pain/discomfort, weakness, chest pain/discomfort, arm or shoulder pain/discomfort, shortness of breath
55
Doctors use what tests to diaganose CAD?
electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, exercise, stress test, chest x-ray, cardiac catheterization, coronary anglogram
56
Ischemic stroke is...
blood clot/materials block blood flow to brain
57
Hemmorhagic stroke is...
blood vessel in brain bursts, damaging surrounding tissue
58
Stroke can lead to...
permanent brain damage, prolonged disability and death
59
Symptoms of stroke
numbness/weakness in the face, arm or leg, confusion, trouble speaking, trouble seeing, trouble walking, dizziness, lack of coordination, severe headache
60
Type of stroke is diagnosed by....
brain scan
61
Metabolic syndrome is...
a collection of risk factors increasing the risk for heart disease and other health problems
62
Def. of metabolic-
biochemical process involved in essential body function
63
Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of.....
heart disease, stroke, and other conditions
64
Symptoms of metabolic syndrome
large waistline, diabetes, hypertension, excessive blood clotting, constant lo-grade inflammation
65
How is metabolic syndrome diagnosed?
physical exam and blood test
66
Def. of arthritis-
inflammation of one or multiple joints
67
Def. of inflammation-
response of immune system to injury, irritation, or infection
68
Def. of chronic inflammation-
prolonged inflammation characterized by simultaneous tissue destruction and repair
69
Problems from arthritis include...
permanent disability, chronic inflammation is associated with chronic disease (cardiovascular, metabolic, renal)
70
Symptoms of arthritis-
joint inflammation, joint pain, stiffness, disability, systemic effects. Inflammation causes pain, redness, swelling, reduced range of motion
71
Metabolic syndrome is diagnosed by a healthcare professional and is measured by....(5)
```
Large waistline: >40 men and >35 women
Low HDL: under 40mg men and 50mg women
High BP: 140/90mmHg
Fasting glucose >100 mg/dL
Triglycerides>150 mg/dL
```
72
Cholesterol is...
waxy fat-like compound derived in the liver, used for hormones and digestion
73
Lipoprotein is...
special protein used to carry cholesterol and other fats in the blood
74
Plaque is....
buildup of cholesterol and other compounds in the arteries, reduces bloodflow
75
Lipid abnormalities can cause...
angina, heart attack, stroke
76
Symptoms of lipid abnormalities
largely asymptomatic, can be associated with other complications (angina, heart attack, stroke)
77
Normal total cholesterol is...
<200 mg/dL
78
At-risk total cholesterol is...
200-239 mg/dL
79
High total cholesterol is...
>240 mg/dL
80
Normal HDL cholesterol is...
>60 mg/dL
81
At-risk HDL cholesterol is...
40-59 mg/dL
82
High HDL cholesterol is...
<40 mg/dL
83
Normal LDL cholesterol is...
<100 mg/dL
84
At-risk LDL cholesterol is...
100-129 mg/dL
85
High LDL cholesterol is...
130-159 mg/dL (borderline) and >160 mg/dL (high)
86
Normal fasting triglycerides are...
<150 mg/dL
87
At-risk fasting triglycerides are...
150-199 mg/dL
88
High fasting triglycerides are...
>200 mg/dL
89
Non-HDL cholesterol ranges from....
normal <130 mg/dL-160-189 mg/dL- high >190 mg/dL
90
Risk factors for obesity are...
unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, genetics
91
Treatment for obesity includes...
diet, lifestyle choices and exercise
92
What percentage of American adults are obese?
36.5% or 1/3 of adults in the US
93
Risk factors for CAD
unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, obesity, alcohol, tobacco, genetics, age, sex, race
94
Treatment for CAD
Surgical intervention (if necessary), diet, exercise, lifestyle choices
95
Most common type of heart disease in America is...
CAD and the leading cause of death in the US
96
Risk factors for stroke
unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, obesity, alcohol, tobacco, genetics, age, sex, race
97
Treatments for stroke
surgical intervention, therapy to regain speech/movement, diet, exercise, lifestyle choices
98
The brain makes up 2% of overall body weight, but accounts for ______% of the oxygen used by the body?`
20%
99
If you witness someone having a stroke you should note the ____________________.
time of onset of symptoms
100
Risk factors for metabolic syndrome
unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, obesity, tobacco, genetics, sex, race
101
Treatment for metabolic syndrome
diet, exercise, weight maintenance, stress management, lifestyle choices
102
Dysmetabolic syndrome, hypertriglycemic waist, insulin resistance syndrome, obesity syndrome, syndrome X are all other names for?
metabolic syndrome
103
Risk factors for arthritis
unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, obesity, genetics, age, sex
104
Treatments for arthritis include
medication, physical therapy, splints and braces, weight loss
105
Arthritis is an umbrella term for over _____ joint afflictions.
100
106
Risk factors for lipid abnormalities
unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, obesity, genetics, age, sex, race
107
Treatments for lipid abnormalities include...
diet, exercise, weight maintenance, lifestyle choices, medications
108
When you have high cholesterol, you are twice as likely to be diagnosed with ________________ as compared to people with lower cholesterol.
heart disease
109
How many Americans have high LDL?
71 million
110
Medical condition from lipid abnormalities
diabetes mellitus
111
Medical conditions from arthritis
obesity, joint injuries, infection, injury, irritation
112
Medical conditions from metabolic syndrome
obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance, medications for inflammation, HIV, depression
113
Medical conditions from storke
previous stroke or transient ischemic attack, hypertension, high cholesterol, heart disorders, diabetes, sickle-cell disease
114
Medical conditions form CAD
high BP, high cholesterol, diabetes
115
Prior to a coaching session, coach should? (3 things)
review materials, eliminate distractions, take time to become mindful and present
116
A coach's calm and receptive state helps fosters what two things?
self-awareness and self-discovery
117
Coach should be calm, _________, and ______________.
present and emotionally availiable
118
What is the coach's aim for the initial (intake) session?
describe the coaching process, review information and assessments provided by client, determine if client is an appropriate candidate, clarify roles and expectations, and confirm logistics and responsibilities.
119
What should be confirmed in a written agreement?
logistics and responsibilities
120
What are the roles and expectations in the coaching relationship?
coach will not diagnose or prescribe, nor give unsolicited advice, client will self-determine vision, goals, and action steps, client will be actively engaged in trying new behaviors
121
In the initial stages of coaching, time is spent doing what?
exploring client's values, vision, purpose and priorities, understanding of health and wellness, so goals are not set prematurely
122
Coach is not the expert deciding what is appropriate, instead the client is empowered to select an area that feels ______, _________ or __________.
important, motivating or timely
123
At the opening of each session, coach asks about the client's current ________ throughout the session.
state
124
At the end of each session, the client articulates.....
new personal discoveries
125
Empowering client to self-discover values, resources and strategies that are individualized and meaningful facilitates...
behavior change
126
The client is the _______ in navigating own life, based upon personal preference and past experiences.
expert
127
Coach provides the _________ of the session and serves as a facilitative ___________.
structure
| partner
128
Coaches primary role in not that of a ________ ________.
content expert or educator
129
Coaches do not _________, __________, ___________.
diagnose, advise or instruct the client on what to do
