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Board Exam > Chronic Disease > Flashcards

Chronic Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Normal BP

A

under 120/80

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2
Q

At risk BP

A

120-139/80-90

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3
Q

High BP

A

140/90

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4
Q

Type I diabetes

A

body does not produce insulin due to immune cells attacking pancreatic B-cells

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5
Q

Type 2 diabetes

A

body develops insulin resistance, most common form

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6
Q

Gestational diabetes

A

develops in pregnant women

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7
Q

Symptoms of diabetes

A

frequent urination, excessive thirst, severe hunger, changes in vision, tingling/numbness in hands and feet, extreme lethargy, dry skin, slow healing sores, increased infection rate

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8
Q

Diabetes causes

A

increase in blood glucose levels, can lead to heart disease, blindness, kidney failure, lower extremity amputations

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9
Q

Hemoglobin A1c normal

A

under 5.7%

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10
Q

Hemoglobin A1c at-risk

A

5-7% to 6.4%

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11
Q

Hemoglobin A1c High

A

6.5% or higher

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12
Q

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) normal result

A

under 100mg/dL

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13
Q

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) pre-diabetes result

A

100-125mg/dL

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14
Q

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) diabetes result

A

126+mg/dL

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15
Q

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) normal result

A

under 140mg/dL

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16
Q

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) pre-diabetes result

A

140-199mg/dL

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17
Q

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) diabetes result

A

200+mg/dL

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18
Q

Random (casual) glucose test (what is?)

A

checked randomly at any time of day, used by diabetics to monitor blood sugar

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19
Q

BP is defined as…

A

the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries that carry blood from the heart to other parts of the body. measured with a cuff

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20
Q

Systolic BP

A

pressure in blood vessles when the heart beats

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21
Q

Diastolic BP

A

pressure in the blood vessels when the heart is at rest

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22
Q

Symptoms of High BP

A

no warning signs or symptoms

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23
Q

Risk factors for high BP

A

prehypertension, diabetes mellitus, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, obesity, alcohol, tobacco, genetics, age, sex race

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24
Q

Treatment for high BP

A

diet, exercise, lifestyle choices

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25
Q

How many Americans have hypertension?

A

75 million (1 in 3 adults)

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26
Q

How many Americans have hypertension under control?

A

about half (54%)

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27
Q

Risk factors for type 1 diabetes

A

genetics

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28
Q

Risk factors for type 2 diabetes

A

unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, obesity, age, sex race

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29
Q

Treatment for Diabetes

A

diet, exercise, medications/insulin, consults with healthcare specialists

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30
Q

What is the 7th leading cause of death in the US/

A

diabetes

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31
Q

How many people with diabetes are unaware they have it?

A

1/4 of all people with diabetes are unaware they have it

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32
Q

Is there a cure for diabetes?

A

no. investigations are underway to discover a cure

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33
Q

Obesity is defined as…

A

excess body fat

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34
Q

What is the leading cause of death in the US?

A

CAD

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35
Q

Symptoms of obesity

A

weight gain, increased waist circumference

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36
Q

Underweight BMI is

A

below 18.5

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37
Q

Healthy weight BMI is

A

18.5-24.9

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38
Q

Overweight BMI is

A

25-29.9

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39
Q

Obese BMI is

A

30+

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40
Q

At risk waist to hip ratio for men

A

over .95

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41
Q

At risk waist to hip ratio for women

A

over .85

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42
Q

Normal waist circumference for men

A

less than 37 in

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43
Q

Normal waist circumference for women

A

less than 31.5 in

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44
Q

At risk waist circumference for men

A

37.1-39.9 in

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45
Q

At risk waist circumference for women

A

31.6-34.9 in

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46
Q

High risk waist circumference for men

A

over 40 in

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47
Q

High risk waist circumference for women

A

over 35 in

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48
Q

How to measure BMI (standard calculation)

A

weight (lbs.)/height (in.) squared X 703= BMI

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49
Q

How to measure BMI (metric calculation)

A

weight in kg./height (meters) squared= BMI *note-divide height in cm by 100 to obtain meters

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50
Q

Coronary artery disease is….

A

plaque buildup in coronary arteries

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51
Q

Heart attack occurs when…

A

blood flow to heart blocked, heart stops beating

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52
Q

Arrhythmia is…

A

irregular heartbeat

53
Q

Coronary artery disease can cause chest pain and leads to…..

A

atherosclerosis (reduced arterial blood flow due to plaque)

54
Q

Acute symptoms of CAD

A

jaw pain/discomfort, weakness, chest pain/discomfort, arm or shoulder pain/discomfort, shortness of breath

55
Q

Doctors use what tests to diaganose CAD?

A

electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, exercise, stress test, chest x-ray, cardiac catheterization, coronary anglogram

56
Q

Ischemic stroke is…

A

blood clot/materials block blood flow to brain

57
Q

Hemmorhagic stroke is…

A

blood vessel in brain bursts, damaging surrounding tissue

58
Q

Stroke can lead to…

A

permanent brain damage, prolonged disability and death

59
Q

Symptoms of stroke

A

numbness/weakness in the face, arm or leg, confusion, trouble speaking, trouble seeing, trouble walking, dizziness, lack of coordination, severe headache

60
Q

Type of stroke is diagnosed by….

A

brain scan

61
Q

Metabolic syndrome is…

A

a collection of risk factors increasing the risk for heart disease and other health problems

62
Q

Def. of metabolic-

A

biochemical process involved in essential body function

63
Q

Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of…..

A

heart disease, stroke, and other conditions

64
Q

Symptoms of metabolic syndrome

A

large waistline, diabetes, hypertension, excessive blood clotting, constant lo-grade inflammation

65
Q

How is metabolic syndrome diagnosed?

A

physical exam and blood test

66
Q

Def. of arthritis-

A

inflammation of one or multiple joints

67
Q

Def. of inflammation-

A

response of immune system to injury, irritation, or infection

68
Q

Def. of chronic inflammation-

A

prolonged inflammation characterized by simultaneous tissue destruction and repair

69
Q

Problems from arthritis include…

A

permanent disability, chronic inflammation is associated with chronic disease (cardiovascular, metabolic, renal)

70
Q

Symptoms of arthritis-

A

joint inflammation, joint pain, stiffness, disability, systemic effects. Inflammation causes pain, redness, swelling, reduced range of motion

71
Q

Metabolic syndrome is diagnosed by a healthcare professional and is measured by….(5)

A 
Large waistline: >40 men and >35 women
Low HDL: under 40mg men and 50mg women
High BP: 140/90mmHg
Fasting glucose >100 mg/dL
Triglycerides>150 mg/dL
72
Q

Cholesterol is…

A

waxy fat-like compound derived in the liver, used for hormones and digestion

73
Q

Lipoprotein is…

A

special protein used to carry cholesterol and other fats in the blood

74
Q

Plaque is….

A

buildup of cholesterol and other compounds in the arteries, reduces bloodflow

75
Q

Lipid abnormalities can cause…

A

angina, heart attack, stroke

76
Q

Symptoms of lipid abnormalities

A

largely asymptomatic, can be associated with other complications (angina, heart attack, stroke)

77
Q

Normal total cholesterol is…

A

<200 mg/dL

78
Q

At-risk total cholesterol is…

A

200-239 mg/dL

79
Q

High total cholesterol is…

A

> 240 mg/dL

80
Q

Normal HDL cholesterol is…

A

> 60 mg/dL

81
Q

At-risk HDL cholesterol is…

A

40-59 mg/dL

82
Q

High HDL cholesterol is…

A

<40 mg/dL

83
Q

Normal LDL cholesterol is…

A

<100 mg/dL

84
Q

At-risk LDL cholesterol is…

A

100-129 mg/dL

85
Q

High LDL cholesterol is…

A

130-159 mg/dL (borderline) and >160 mg/dL (high)

86
Q

Normal fasting triglycerides are…

A

<150 mg/dL

87
Q

At-risk fasting triglycerides are…

A

150-199 mg/dL

88
Q

High fasting triglycerides are…

A

> 200 mg/dL

89
Q

Non-HDL cholesterol ranges from….

A

normal <130 mg/dL-160-189 mg/dL- high >190 mg/dL

90
Q

Risk factors for obesity are…

A

unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, genetics

91
Q

Treatment for obesity includes…

A

diet, lifestyle choices and exercise

92
Q

What percentage of American adults are obese?

A

36.5% or 1/3 of adults in the US

93
Q

Risk factors for CAD

A

unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, obesity, alcohol, tobacco, genetics, age, sex, race

94
Q

Treatment for CAD

A

Surgical intervention (if necessary), diet, exercise, lifestyle choices

95
Q

Most common type of heart disease in America is…

A

CAD and the leading cause of death in the US

96
Q

Risk factors for stroke

A

unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, obesity, alcohol, tobacco, genetics, age, sex, race

97
Q

Treatments for stroke

A

surgical intervention, therapy to regain speech/movement, diet, exercise, lifestyle choices

98
Q

The brain makes up 2% of overall body weight, but accounts for ______% of the oxygen used by the body?`

A

20%

99
Q

If you witness someone having a stroke you should note the ____________________.

A

time of onset of symptoms

100
Q

Risk factors for metabolic syndrome

A

unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, obesity, tobacco, genetics, sex, race

101
Q

Treatment for metabolic syndrome

A

diet, exercise, weight maintenance, stress management, lifestyle choices

102
Q

Dysmetabolic syndrome, hypertriglycemic waist, insulin resistance syndrome, obesity syndrome, syndrome X are all other names for?

A

metabolic syndrome

103
Q

Risk factors for arthritis

A

unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, obesity, genetics, age, sex

104
Q

Treatments for arthritis include

A

medication, physical therapy, splints and braces, weight loss

105
Q

Arthritis is an umbrella term for over _____ joint afflictions.

A

100

106
Q

Risk factors for lipid abnormalities

A

unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, obesity, genetics, age, sex, race

107
Q

Treatments for lipid abnormalities include…

A

diet, exercise, weight maintenance, lifestyle choices, medications

108
Q

When you have high cholesterol, you are twice as likely to be diagnosed with ________________ as compared to people with lower cholesterol.

A

heart disease

109
Q

How many Americans have high LDL?

A

71 million

110
Q

Medical condition from lipid abnormalities

A

diabetes mellitus

111
Q

Medical conditions from arthritis

A

obesity, joint injuries, infection, injury, irritation

112
Q

Medical conditions from metabolic syndrome

A

obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance, medications for inflammation, HIV, depression

113
Q

Medical conditions from storke

A

previous stroke or transient ischemic attack, hypertension, high cholesterol, heart disorders, diabetes, sickle-cell disease

114
Q

Medical conditions form CAD

A

high BP, high cholesterol, diabetes

115
Q

Prior to a coaching session, coach should? (3 things)

A

review materials, eliminate distractions, take time to become mindful and present

116
Q

A coach’s calm and receptive state helps fosters what two things?

A

self-awareness and self-discovery

117
Q

Coach should be calm, _________, and ______________.

A

present and emotionally availiable

118
Q

What is the coach’s aim for the initial (intake) session?

A

describe the coaching process, review information and assessments provided by client, determine if client is an appropriate candidate, clarify roles and expectations, and confirm logistics and responsibilities.

119
Q

What should be confirmed in a written agreement?

A

logistics and responsibilities

120
Q

What are the roles and expectations in the coaching relationship?

A

coach will not diagnose or prescribe, nor give unsolicited advice, client will self-determine vision, goals, and action steps, client will be actively engaged in trying new behaviors

121
Q

In the initial stages of coaching, time is spent doing what?

A

exploring client’s values, vision, purpose and priorities, understanding of health and wellness, so goals are not set prematurely

122
Q

Coach is not the expert deciding what is appropriate, instead the client is empowered to select an area that feels ______, _________ or __________.

A

important, motivating or timely

123
Q

At the opening of each session, coach asks about the client’s current ________ throughout the session.

A

state

124
Q

At the end of each session, the client articulates…..

A

new personal discoveries

125
Q

Empowering client to self-discover values, resources and strategies that are individualized and meaningful facilitates…

A

behavior change

126
Q

The client is the _______ in navigating own life, based upon personal preference and past experiences.

A

expert

127
Q

Coach provides the _________ of the session and serves as a facilitative ___________.

A

structure

partner

128
Q

Coaches primary role in not that of a ________ ________.

A

content expert or educator

129
Q

Coaches do not _________, __________, ___________.

A

diagnose, advise or instruct the client on what to do

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