Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases Flashcards
What is hypertension?
raised BP
risk factors for hypertension
age
race
obesity
alcohol
pregnancy
stress
Outcome from hypertension
Accelerated atherosclerosis: MI, Stroke, Peripheral Vascular disease
= renal failure
Example of a vasoconstrictor
adrenaline
example of drug which increases circulating blood volume
cortisol
Cushing’s syndrome?
salt and water retention: leads to excess fluid within circulation
What is renal artery stenosis
narrowing of blood flow into kidney which makes kidney’s autoregulation system think the BP has dropped
How to treat hypertension?
= aim of treatment - BP 120/90 Hg
= modify risk factors (weight loss, exercise)
= single daily drug dose (beta block, calcium channel antagonist, ace inhibitor)
What are the symptoms and signs of left heart failure?
= lungs and systolic effect
= dyspnoea, tachycardia, low BP, low vol pulse
What are the symptoms and signs of right heart failure?
= venous pressure elevated
= swollen ankles, ascites, raised JVP, tender enlarged liver, poor GI absorption
Symptoms of heart failure
= breathlessness
= swelling of feel and legs
= lack of energy b
= cough
= increased urination at night
Why is it important to know as a dentist if patient is suffering from heart failure?
= shortness of breath - worse when patient lies back
Left sided heart failure?
= bp in lungs increases
= cough - frothy sputum
Right sided heart failure
fluid accumulation in peripheral tissues from right sided failure
How is acute heart failure managed?
= emergency hospital management
= lungs filled with fluid (oedema)
