chronic adaptations eg aerobic ms, aerobic cv, etc

Question 1

AEROBIC
CARDIOVASCULAR adaptations

Answer 1

-cardiac hypertrophy (↑ in left ventricle size)
-↑ max cardiac output
-↑capillarisation of working muscles/↑ capillary density
-↑ blood volume (and RBC)
-↓ resting HR
-↓ blood pressure

Question 2

AEROBIC
MUSCULAR adaptations

Answer 2

-↑ size, number and surface area of mitochondria
-↑ myoglobin content
-↑ oxidative enzymes
-↑ fuel stores (glycogen & triglycerides )
-↑ size (hypertrophy) of slow twitch ms fibres
-↑ aVO2 difference

Question 3

AEROBIC
RESPIRATORY adaptations

Answer 3

-↑ ventilation (maximal exercise)
-↑ pulmonary diffusion/↑ alveolar-capillary surface area
-↑ VO2 max
-↑ lung volume

Question 4

ANAEROBIC
CARDIOVASCULAR adaptation

Answer 4

-↑ thickness of left ventricle wall

Question 5

ANAEROBIC
MUSCULAR adaptations

Answer 5

-↑ ATP and PC stores in muscles
-↑ glycogen stores
-↑ enzymes (ATPase, creatine kinase, glycolytic enzymes)
-↑ size and strength of connective tissue
-↑ size (hypertrophy) of fast twitch ms fibres
-↑lactate tolerance

Question 6

RESISTANCE (tends to lead to)
NEUROMUSCULAR adaptations

Answer 6

-↑ motor unit recruitment
-↑ firing rates of motor units
-↑synchronisation of motor unit recruitment
-reduction in neural inhibitory reflexes