Chromosomes and Cell Division

Question 1

A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait

Answer 1

Genes

Question 2

Different version of genes

Answer 2

Alleles

Question 3

Condensed/tightly coiled pieces of DNA; generally found in homologous pairs

Answer 3

Chromosome

Question 4

Identical chromosome copies held together

Answer 4

Chromatids

Question 5

Structure that joins two chromatids together to form a chromosome

Answer 5

Centromere

Question 6

22 pairs of chromosomes; code for non-sexual characteristics

Answer 6

Autosomes

Question 7

1 pair of chromosomes (matched XX or unmatched XY); code for sexual and non-sexual characteristics

Answer 7

Sex chromosomes

Question 8

Process of identifying the number and appearance of chromosomes

Answer 8

Karyotyping

Question 9

Disorders resulting from extra or missing chromosomes

Answer 9

Chromosomal Disorder

Question 10

3 copies of a chromosome when there should be 2

Answer 10

Trisomy

Question 11

1 copy of a chromosome when there should be 2

Answer 11

Monosomy

Question 12

Caused by a trisomy of chromosome 21

Answer 12

Down syndrome

Question 12

Cell division resulting in 2 identical, somatic cells with 2 sets of chromosomes (diploid)

Answer 12

Mitosis

Question 13

Cell division resulting in 4 non-identical, sex cells with 1 set of chromosomes (haploid)

Answer 13

Meiosis

Question 13

Original cell before division

Answer 13

Parent cell

Question 14

Product of cell division

Answer 14

Daughter cell

Question 15

Sex cells; sperm & ova

Answer 15

Gamete

Question 16

One set of chromosomes (n)

Answer 16

Haploid

Question 17

Two sets of chromosomes (2n)

Answer 17

Diploid

Question 18

Fusing of gametes to form a zygote

Answer 18

Fertilization