chromosomes Flashcards
What are chromosomes?
Structures that hold genes (DNA)
What is the typical number of chromosomes in a human cell?
46 chromosomes: 23 pairs
From whom do humans inherit their chromosomes?
One set from the mother (egg) and one set from the father (sperm)
What are the first 22 pairs of chromosomes called?
Autosomes
What are the final pair of chromosomes called?
Sex chromosomes
What is monosomy?
Condition of missing one chromosome from a pair
What is trisomy?
Condition of inheriting more than two chromosomes
What is a karyotype?
An individual’s complete set of chromosomes
What does a karyotype image show?
Chromosomes isolated from an individual cell arranged in numerical order
What can karyotypes be used to detect?
Abnormalities in chromosome number or structure
How is a karyotype produced?
By taking a picture of chromosomes from one cell and arranging them
What guides the arrangement of chromosomes in a karyotype?
Size, banding pattern, and centromere positions
What is the significance of studying karyotypes?
Part of cytogenetic studies
How many pairs of autosomal chromosomes are typically found in humans?
22 pairs
What is the karyotype for a typical female?
XX (two X chromosomes)
What is the karyotype for a typical male?
XY (one X and one Y chromosome)
Fill in the blank: The typical human karyotype contains 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes and one pair of _______.
Sex chromosomes
True or False: Karyotypes can be used in prenatal diagnostics.
True
