Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FOM week 9 > chromosomes > Flashcards

chromosomes Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 5 main features of a chromosomes structure?

A

telomere
centromere
2 linear chromatids
euchromatin
heterochromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where on the chromosome is the telomere and the euchromatin located

A

telomere is the tip of the chromatids

euchromatin is just below the telomere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what causes the end-replication problem to occur?

A

when DNA is replicated it looses 100 base pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which enzyme is used to fix the end-replication problem during DNA synthesis

A

telomerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

state the 4 steps of mitosis & the additional step at the end

A

prophase
metophase
anophase
telophase
(pass me another tequilia)
cytokinesis -additional step

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what end does DNA replication start with always

A

5’ end to 3’ end (leading strand)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what enzyme helps with DNA replication

A

DNA polymerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what type of fragments are produced when the lagging strand (3’) starts replication & what enzyme is responsible for fixing this?

A

okazaki fragments are produced

ligase enzymes fixes it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where on the chromosome is the kinetochore found ?

A

centromere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name the 2 types of chromatin

A

euchromatin;

heterochromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what protein is dna packed with?

A

histones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the units called that is packaged with histones and dna

A

nucleosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name a method that can be used to visualise and map genetic material and also help us better understand an individual’s chromosomal abnormalities.

A

FISH -fleuroscent in situ hybridization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which type of cells carry out MEOSIS ?

A

germ cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what step/s is different in meoisis compared to mitosis

A

prophase is different in meosis as crossing over occurs here but not in mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the names for egg formation and sperm formation?

A

oogenesis -egg formation

spermatogenesis -sperm formation

17
Q

give 3 reasons why it is useful for DNA to be packaged

A

negatively charged dna is neutralised by positively charged histones

dna takes up less space

allows inactive dna to be kept until required

18
Q

What do the following terms mean with regard to chromosomes when viewing a karyotype:

-metacentric
-sub-metacentric
-acrocentric

A

metacentric ; p and q appear equal in length

sub-metacentric; p arm is slightly shorter than q arm

acrocentric ; p arm is so short it doesnt have any functional DNA

19
Q

the p and q arm of a chromosome , what one is long and what one is short?

A

q- long arm

p- short arm

20
Q

when does gametogenesis commence in male and females?

A

in females- it commences during early embroyonic life

males- in puberty

21
Q

how many gametes are produced per mitosis in females and males?

A

females- 1 ovum per menstrual cycle

male - 4 spermatids

22
Q

where is mitchondrial DNA inhertied from, mother or the father?

A

mitochindrial DNA is inherited from the mother

23
Q

what happens to X chromosomes in females that doesnt happen to males?

A

one X chromosome is randomly inactivated

24
Q

what are the 3 main groups of chromosome abnormality

A

numerical
mutational
structural

25
Q

Which type of chromosomal abnormality is a miscarriage usually caused by?

A

numerical

26
Q

how does numerical chromosome abnormality come about?

A

from meoisis when disjunction occurs

27
Q

describe meoisis disjunction

A

failure for chromosomes to separate

28
Q

what is aneuploidy syndrome

A

most common type of chromosome abnormality (numerical abnormaility)

29
Q

give 2 types of aneuploidy syndromes

A

klinfelter syndrome
turners disease

30
Q

what does an inversion structural change involve in a chromosome

A

the reversal of a section on a chromosome

31
Q

what is 21 trisomy known as

A

down syndrome

32
Q

state name of the method used in dna sequencing

A

chain method termination

33
Q

state the molecule used in dna sequencing

A

didoxynucleotides

34
Q

disadvantages of dna sequencing

A

expensive
some can be poor quality so hard to read

35
Q

name given to active genes in dna

name given to silenced genes in dna

A

active genes- eachuromatin

silenced - heterochromatin

36
Q

what is extragenic DNA

A

repeating non-coding regions of DNA

37
Q

how many histones are in a nuecleosome?

A

8

38
Q

what type of bond forms between nuecleotides?

A

hydrogen

39
Q

what is central dogma?

A

DNA is TRANSCRIBED to RNA –> made to protein

FOM week 9 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions