Chromium-Zinc Flashcards
● FUNCTION: Enhances insulin action
● Important for glucose and lipid metabolism
● Part of the glucose tolerance factor because of its association with enhancement of insulin action
Chromium
Chromium DEFICIENCY
insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, hyperlipidemia
Chromium TOXICITY
skin ulcers, renal and hepatic necrosis
● FUNCTION: Cellular respiration
● Important for collagen synthesis
Copper
T/F. In vivo- collagen synthesis is enhanced by copper
True
Copper DEFICIENCY
Menke’s kinky hair syndrome, muscle weakness
Copper TOXICITY
Interferes with the absorption of Zinc and Iron
● FUNCTION: Hemoglobin synthesis, a component of Vit. B12 (cobalamin)
● Important for red cell synthesis, development, and maturation (erythropoiesis)
Cobalt
Cobalt DEFICIENCY
Anemia, Growth depression
Cobalt TOXICITY
Heart failure, Hypothyroidism
Heart failure, Hypothyroidism
● FUNCTION: Prevents dental caries
Fluorine
Fluorine DEFICIENCY
Dental caries
● No known toxic effect to man
● FUNCTION: Thyroid hormone synthesis
● Iodination process- T3 and T4, number of iodine molecules present in sample
● Can get from diet and food supplements
Iodine
Iodine DEFICIENCY
Goiter, Cretinism, Myxedema
Iodine TOXICITY
Thyrotoxicosis
● FUNCTION: Bone and CT functions
● Serves as the active site of the enzyme-cholesterol synthesis
Manganese
Manganese DEFICIENCY:
Skeletal defects
Manganese TOXICITY:
Psychiatric disorders, Parkinson’s disease
● FUNCTION: DNA metabolism
● Serves as the active site of the enzymes-uric acid synthesis (Xanthine oxidase)
Molybdenum
Molybdenum DEFICIENCY:
Growth depression, cretinism, goiter
Molybdenum TOXICITY:
Anemia, thyrotoxicosis
● Potent antioxidant
● FUNCTION: Prevents oxidative damage of lipid
● Important for the synthesis of glutathione peroxidase
Selenium
Selenium DEFICIENCY:
Keshan disease (cardiovascular myopathy)
Selenium TOXICITY:
Hair and nail loss, liver failure
● FUNCTION: Protein synthesis
● Active site for the enzyme synthesis of DNA and RNA
● Potent cofactor of alkaline phosphatase and carbonic anhydrase
● Combined with vitamin C to help in boosting the immune system
Zinc
important vitamin that promote WBC production (Leukopoiesis)
Vitamin C
strengthens the WBC
Zinc
Zinc DEFICIENCY:
Acrodermatitis enteropathica, growth retardation, immune deficiency, infertility, delayed wound healing and osteoporosis
Zinc TOXICITY:
Gastrointestinal irritation
