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Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry > Chromatography > Flashcards

Chromatography Flashcards

1
Q

considered the gold standard for most testing due to its high sensitivity and specificity

A

GC coupled with MS

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2
Q

used to separate complex mixtures on the basis of different physical interactions between the individual compounds and the stationary phase of the system

A

Chromatography

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3
Q

through which the mobile phase flows

A

stationary Phase

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4
Q

carries the complex mixture

A

mobile phase

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5
Q

holding the stationary phase

A

column

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6
Q

separated components

A

Eluate

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7
Q

Modes of Separation

A

adsorption
partition
steric exclusion
ion-exchange chromatography

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8
Q

known as liquid–solid chromatography

A

adsorption

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9
Q

based on the competition between the sample and the mobile phase for adsorptive sites on the solid stationary phase.

A

adsorption

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10
Q

The molecules that are most soluble in the mobile phase move

A

fastest

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11
Q

The stationary phase can be

A

acidic polar (silica gel)
basic polar (alumina)
nonpolar (charcoal)

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12
Q

T/F:
Liquid–solid chromatography is not widely used in clinical laboratories because of technical problems with the preparation of a stationary phase that has homogeneous distribution of absorption sites.

A

true

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13
Q

referred to as liquid–liquid chromatography

A

partition

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14
Q

based on relative solubility in an organic (nonpolar) solvent and an aqueous (polar) solvent

A

partition

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15
Q

partition (extraction) is performed in

A

separatory funnel

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16
Q

Polar molecules remain in the

A

aqueous solvent

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17
Q

nonpolar molecules are extracted in the

A

organic solvent

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18
Q

Modern partition chromatography uses ______________ that are chemically bonded to the support or high-molecular-weight polymers

A

pseudolipid stationary phase

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19
Q

a liquid–solid chromatography used to separate
solute molecules on the basis of size and shape

A

steric exclusion

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20
Q

enter the pores in the packing and are momentarily trapped

A

small molecules

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21
Q

excluded from the small pores and so move quickly between the particles

A

large molecules

22
Q

partially restricted from entering the pores

A

Intermediate-sized molecules

23
Q

hydrophilic beads that formed a gel when soaked in water

A

dextran
polyacrylamide
agarose

24
Q

method that use hydrophilic beads of crosslinked dextran, polyacrylamide or agarose that formed gel when soaked in water

A

gel filtration

25
Q

process using hydrophobic gel beads of polystyrene with a nonaqueous mobile phase

A

gel permeation chromatography

26
Q

solute mixtures are separated by virtue of the magnitude and charge of ionic species

A

ion-exchange chromatography

27
Q

stationary phase consist of large polymers of substituted benzene, silicates, or cellulose derivatives

A

resin

28
Q

resin is soluble in water? T/F

A

false

29
Q

made with exchangeable hydroxyl ions such as the diethylamine functional group

A

Anion-exchange resins

30
Q

used to remove interfering substances from a solution, to concentrate dilute ion solutions, and to separate mixtures of charged molecules, such as amino acids.

A

Ion-exchange chromatography

31
Q

thin layer sorbent that is uniformly coated on a glass or plastic plate

A

alumina
silica gel
cellulose
crosslinked dextran

32
Q

The distance a component migrates, compared with the distance the solvent front moves

A

retention factor

33
Q

most commonly used as a semiquantitative screening test.

A

thin layer chromatography

34
Q

used to measure the absorbance of each developed spot

A

densitometer

35
Q

uses pressure for fast separations, controlled temperature, in-line detectors, and gradient elution techniques.

A

high-performance liquid chromatography

36
Q

it forces the mobile phase through the column at a much greater velocity

A

pumps

37
Q

most widely used pump today that is used as a multihead
pump with two or more reciprocating pistons.

A

mechanical reciprocating pump

38
Q

pump used for preoperative purposes

A

pneumatic pump

39
Q

pump that is no longer commonly used

A

hydraulic amplifier pump

40
Q

The stationary phase is packed into long stainless steel _____

A

columns

41
Q

The most common material used for column packing

A

silica gel

42
Q

The best and most widely used method for sample injector

A

loop injector

43
Q

it has high reproducibility and are used at high pressures

A

loop injector

44
Q

monitor the eluate as it leaves the column

A

detectors

45
Q

used for spectral comparisons and compound identification and purity

A

photodiode array

46
Q

used for spectral comparisons and compound identification and purity

A

photodiode array

47
Q

common HPLC detector that measures current produced
when the analyte of interest is either oxidized or reduced at some fixed potential set between a pair of electrodes

A

amperometric/ electrochemical detector

48
Q

used to record detector signal versus the time the mobile phase passed through the instrument

A

recorder

49
Q

used to identify compounds when compared with standard retention times run under identical conditions

A

retention time

50
Q

proportional to concentration of the compounds that
produced the peaks.

A

peak area

Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (2 decks)

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