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Geography > Christmas Test Prep 2024 > Flashcards

Christmas Test Prep 2024 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the origin of an earthquake called?

A

Focus

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2
Q

What’s the scale used to measure earth quakes called?

A

The Richter Scale

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3
Q

What are three types of plate boundaries?

A
  1. Transform (slide)
  2. Constructive (separate)
  3. Destructive (collide)
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4
Q

Name the 8 major tectonic plates

A
  1. Pacific Plate
  2. North American Plate
  3. Nazca Plate
  4. South American Plate
  5. African Plate
  6. Eurasian Plate
  7. Indo-Australian Plate
  8. Antarctic plate
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5
Q

What does the crust float on?

A

Molten magma in the mantle

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6
Q

What moves the plates?

A

Connection currents in the mantle

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7
Q

What are the layers of the earth?

A
  1. Crust
  2. Mantle
  3. Outer core
  4. Inner core
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8
Q

What’s the crust made of and how thick is it?

A

It’s made of solid rock and is between 6-70km thick.

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9
Q

What percentage of the earth does the mantle take up?

A

Eight-five percent.

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10
Q

What is the outer core made of, and what does it do?

A

It’s made of liquid iron and nickel, giving the earth its magnetic field

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11
Q

What’s the material in the inner core and temperature?

A

It’s made up of solid iron and nickel, ranging from 5000c-6000c

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12
Q

What’s continental drift?

A

The idea that the continents move closer/further away

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13
Q

What’s sea floor spreading?

A

When tectonic plates slip, allowing new crust to form

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14
Q

What was the super continent called?

A

Pangaea (200 million years ago)

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15
Q

What are convection currents?

A

Rising and falling of magma in the mantle due to heat from the core

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16
Q

When plates separate what three things happen?

A
  1. Earthquakes
  2. Volcanoes
  3. Undersea Mountains
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17
Q

When plates collide what 4 things happen?

A
  1. Earthquakes
  2. Fold mountains
  3. Tsunamis
  4. Subduction
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18
Q

When plates slide past each other, what happens?

A
  1. Earthquakes
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19
Q

What is a hotspot?

A

An area where crust splits and volcanoes are common, eg. Hawaii

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20
Q

When magma erupt through a crack it is called a ____, this can make a flat topped ____

A
  1. Fissure
  2. plateau
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21
Q

What mineral makes volcanoes more explosive?

A

Silica, as it traps gas

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22
Q

What are a mix of dust gas and rocks from a volcanic eruption called?

A

Pyroclasts

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23
Q

How many years does the last eruption need to be within, for a volcano for it to be considered active?

A

Within the last 100 years

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24
Q

If a volcano has not erupted in over 100 years, what is it classified as?

25
Volcano has not erupted in historic times then what is it classified as?
Extinct eg. Mount Slemish (Antrim)
26
List three positive effects of volcanic eruptions.
1.geothermal energy 2. Tourism 3. Fertile soil
27
List three negative effects of volcanic eruptions
1. Loss of life. 2. Can spread ash into atmosphere. 3. Destruction of property
28
When did Mount Saint Helens last erupt?
1980
29
Where is Mount Saint Helens located?
Washington state
30
How many people passed away in the Mount Hellen 1980 eruption?
57
31
A volcanologist monitors and studies volcanic activity what are three warning signs of a volcanic eruption?
1. Small earthquakes 2. Increased gas emissions 3. Eruptions of steam or rock
32
What is the point directly above the focus on the earths crust called?
The epicentre
33
Sometimes the shaken crust tries to return to its original state. This is felt as a series of what?
After-shocks
34
The Richter scale goes to what number?
10
35
Anything under what on the Richter scale is seen as minor?
4.0
36
What level on the Richter scale causes damage to buildings?
6.0
37
What level on the Richter scale causes major damage?
7.0
38
What level on the richter scale and above causes damage over a large area?
8.0 and above
39
What’s the largest level earthquake recorded on a Richter scale?
9.5 in Chile 1960
40
When and where was your studied earthquake?
Japan in 2011 on the 11th of March
41
What was the strength of your studied earthquake on the Richter scale?
9.0 with 5000 after-shocks
42
What were the tectonic plates involved in your studied earthquake?
Eurasian and Pacific, they collided and subduction occurred.
43
How many buildings were destroyed in your studied earthquake?
130,000 buildings were destroyed
44
How many buildings were damaged in your studied earthquake?
1 million buildings were damaged
45
How high was the tsunami that followed your studied earthquake?
The tsunami was 6 m high travelled at 800 km an hour and reached 10 km inland
46
What were the economic impacts of your studied earthquake?
€250 billion was lost
47
How many people did you studied earthquake kill, injure and displace?
1. Killed 18,000 2. Injured 6000 3. Displaced 450,000
48
Is it currently possible to predict an earthquake?
No
49
When fold mountains occur, what are the high and low bumps on the mountain called?
The lower part of the bump is called the syncline and the higher part of the bump is called the anticline
50
What is the oldest fold mountain period? And when was it formed?
Caledonian mountains were formed 400 million years ago an example are the Wicklow Mountains.
51
What is the second oldest fold mountain period? And when were they formed? Example?
Are Moroccan mountains were formed 250 million years ago and did an example of them are the MacgillyCuddy Reekes in Kerry.
52
What is the youngest fold mountain period? And when were they formed?
Alpine mountains were formed 50 million years ago an example of them are the Alps
53
What are the three types of rock?
Igneous rock, sedimentary rock, metamorphic rock.
54
What type of rock is basalt?
Basil rock is an extrusive igneous rock
55
What type of rock is granite?
Granite is an intrusive igneous rock
56
What type of rock is sandstone?
Sandstone is a sedimentary rock that is inorganic because it is made of sediment.
57
What type of rock is limestone?
Limestone is a sedimentary rock that is organic because it is made of dead plants and animals.
58
What metamorphic rock does limestone become?
Limestone becomes marble and can be found in Kilkenny
59
What metamorphic rock does sandstone become? Where can it be found?
Sandstone becomes quarzite and can be found on the Sugarloaf in County Wicklow

Geography (6 decks)

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