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Cardiology > Christie > Flashcards

Christie Flashcards

1
Q

What cofactors are required for muscle contraction?

A

ATP and Ca2+

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2
Q

True or False: In smooth muscle, the contractile proteins attached to Z bands.

A

False

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3
Q

What binds calcium ions within the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle cells?

A

calsequestrin

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4
Q

Which type of muscle has the longest contraction time?

A

Skeletal muscle

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5
Q

In cardiac muscle, what determines the amount of calcium released from the sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum in Ca2+ -induced Ca2+ release?

A

The amount of Ca2+ previously stored in the sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum

The size of the inward Ca2+ current during the plateau of the action potential

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

Which of the following statements about smooth muscle is false?

  • Contractile mechanism differs from that of skeletal muscle
  • ATP is hydrolyzed very slowly
  • It does not fatigue or “tetanize”
  • contracts more slowly than skeletal muscle
  • calcium ions bind to troponin
A

Calcium ions bind to troponin

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8
Q

Which of the following statements about botulinium toxin is true?

  • causes spastic paralysis
  • cleaves synaptobrevin
  • causes irreversible binding of the pre-synaptic vesicles with the membranes of the motorneurons
  • none of these statements are true
A

Cleaves synaptobrevin

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9
Q

Acetylcholine receptors of skeletal muscle are

A

nicotinic

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10
Q

Where do cardiac action potentials originate?

A

sino-atrial node

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11
Q

Which of the following blocks the myosin-binding sites in actin?

A
  • tropomyosin
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12
Q

What causes rigor mortis?

A

unavailability of ATP

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13
Q

which of the following statements abbout Guillain-Barre syndrome is false

  • acute-onset
  • immune-mediated
  • demyelinating disease
  • noted for descending paralysis
  • most cases preceded by an acute, influenza-like illness
A

Noted for descending paralysis

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14
Q

Ducheenne-Becker muscular dystrophy has which type of inheritance?

A

X-linked

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15
Q

Which of hte following statements about Becker muscular dystrophy (are) true?

  • Due to a frame-shift mutation
  • Due to a point mutation
  • More severe disease than Duchenne muscular dystrophy
  • Less severe disease than Duchenne muscular dystrphy
  • Both A & C
  • Both B & D
A

Both B & D

  • Due to a point mutation
  • Less severe disease than Duchenne muscular dystrophy
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16
Q

Which of the following statements about Duchenne muscular dystrophy (are) true?

  • Due to a frame-shift mutation
  • Due to a point mutation
  • More severe disease than Becker muscular dystrophy
  • Less severe disease than Becker muscular dystrophy
  • Both A & C
  • Both B & D
A

Both A and C

  • Due to a frameshift mutation
  • More severe disease than Becker muscular dystrophy
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17
Q

Which of the following statements about amytrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is true?

  • Sporadic ALS is more common than familial ALS
  • Primary pathology is due to muscle damage
  • Commonly emerges in third decade
  • Affects women more often than men
  • Most affected individuals only have lower motor neuron involvement
A
  • Sporadic ALS is more common than familial ALS
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18
Q

Which of the following statements about multiple sclerosis is false?

  • Lesions predominantlyin the gray matter of the brain
  • autoimmune origin
  • most common of the demyelinating diseases
  • lesions are seperated in space
  • characterized by distinct episodes of neuroogic deficits, seperated in time
A
  • Lesions occur predominatelly in the gray matter of the brain
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19
Q

What is the most common cause of peripheral neuropathies?

A

Diabettes Mellitus

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20
Q

_______ is a systemic autoimmune disease that typically presents with proximal muscle weakness and skin changes with a bimodal age distribution.

A

Dermatomyositis

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21
Q

Which the following is not a common cause of metastatic bone tumors?

  • Prostate
  • Thyroid
  • Breast
  • Lung
  • Skin
A

Skin

22
Q

Complete the following sentence- “osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor of mesenchymal cells characterized by _____.”

A

direct formation of osteoid by tumor cells

23
Q

Gnathic chondrosarcomas have a predilection for which one of the following sites?

A

Anterior Maxilla

24
Q

Which of the following statements about rhabdomyosarcoma is false?

  • Malignant neoplasm characterized by skeletal muscle differentiation
  • More common in young children than in teenagers and adults
  • Most frequent site is the head and neck
  • Most head and neck lesions are pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcomas
A

Most head and neck lesions are pleomorphic rhabodymyosarcomas

25
Q

Which of the following statements about synovial sarcoma is false?

  • Characterized by the presence of the SS18-SSX fusion gene
  • Characteristically found in older adults
  • Oral tumors most often found in tongue and cheek
  • Poor prognosis because the tumor has a higher rate of recurrence and metastasis
  • Classic synovial sarcoma is a biphasic tumor
A

Characteristically found in older adults

26
Q

True or False- The mean age at diagnosis for gnathic osteosarcomas is 33-39 years of age.

A

True

27
Q

A child develops a neoplasm of hist left maxilla which is composed of malignant skeletal muscle cells. The lesion is most likely which one of the following?

A

rhabdomyosarcoma

28
Q

A teenager develops a slow-growing mass in the tongue. Microscopically it is composed of a mixture of spindle and epithelial cells and has a SS18-SSX fusion gene. It is most likely which one of the following?

A

Synovial Sarcoma

29
Q

What autoantibody is most typically found in drug-induced lupus?

A

Anti-histone

30
Q

Which of the following statement(s) about lupus anticoagulants found in antiphospholipid syndrome is (are) true?

A

Both a and b

  • In vivo, these autoantibodies induce a hypercoagulable state
  • In vitro, these autoantibodies inhibit coagulation.
31
Q

You see an elderly lady in your office for routine dental work. You notice that she has a drawn, mask-like appearnce of her face and telangiectasia on her lips and tongue. This appearance may be found in which of the following diseases?

A

Scleroderma

32
Q

In scleroderma, which of the following causes the largest percentage of deaths?

A

Renal Failure

33
Q

A 22-year-ld man has a sudden loss of vision in the right eye. On physical examination, there is a subluxation of the right crystalline lens. on auscultation of the chest, a mid-systolic click iis audible. An echocardiogram shows a floppy mitral valve and dilated aortic arch. The patients broth and his cousin are simarly affected. He is prescribed a beta-blocker. A genetic defect involving which of the following substances is most likely to be present in this patient?

A

Fibrillin-1

34
Q

What type of inheritance does Marfan Syndromre have?

A

Autosomal Dominant

35
Q

A 33-year old lady has a history of several spontaneous abortions with examination of the placenta revealing extensive areas of infarction. What abnormality/abnormalities might you see in her laboratory results?

A

Occasional prolonged PTT results

False-positive syphilis serologies

36
Q

What is not typical of joints affected by osteoarthritis?

  • inflammatory changes
  • stiffness
  • decreased mobility
  • pain
A

Inflammatory changes

37
Q

Which joint is affected by rheumatoid arthritis but not by osteoarthritis?

A

MCP

38
Q

Part of the increased mortality in rheumatoid arthritis is due to which of the following?

  • GI bleeding due to long term use of NSAIDS
  • Infections secondary to steroid use
  • Developement of reactive amyloidosis
  • all of the above
A

All of the above

39
Q

In which of the following diseases is bony ankylosis found?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

40
Q

True or False: The cause of most primary gout is unknown (idiopathic).

A

True

41
Q

Tophi are seen most often in which one of the following diseases?

A

Gout

42
Q

Which of the following hand lesions in the hands are typical osteoarthritis.

A

Both A and B

Heberden’s nodes

Bouchard’s nodes

43
Q

The lesion shown in this illustration is most typical of which one of the following diseases?

A

Multiple sclerosis

44
Q

The pathology shown in this illustration is typical of which of the following?

A

Amytrophic Lateral Sclerosis

45
Q

The lesion shown in the illustration is composed of malignant cells producing osteoid. It is most likely which of the following?

A

osteosarcoma

46
Q

Where did this tumor originate?

A

Medullary portion of the metaphysis

47
Q

Which autoantibody/autoantibodies does this woman most likely have in her blood?

A

Anti-double stranded DNA (dsDNA)

Anti-smith (Sm)

48
Q

. True or false – The condition shown in this illustration is only found in scleroderma.

A

False

49
Q

The individual shown in this illustration has a defect in synthesis and/or synthesis of which of the following?

A

Collagen

50
Q

This patient has osteoarthritis. What is the structure indicated by the arrow?

A

osteophyte

51
Q

What is the lesion shown in the illustration called?

A

Podagra

52
Q

The abnormality shown in this illustration is most typical of which one of the following?

A

osteoarthritis

Cardiology (4 decks)

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