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World Religions > Christianity > Flashcards

Christianity Flashcards

1
Q

Who emerged as the leader of the reform movement in the sixteenth century?

A

Martin Luther

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2
Q

What are the central sacraments in most forms of Christianity?

A

baptism and communion

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3
Q

The ecclesiastical court set up to investigate and suppress heresy was known as what?

A

The Diet of Worms

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4
Q

What invention by Johannes Guttenburg in the 1440s allowed the bible to become available for the population at large?

A

printing press

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5
Q

What contribution did John Wycliffe have to the Protestant Reformation?

A

first person to translate the Bible to English

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6
Q

What contribution did Jon Hus have to the Protestant Reformation?

A

highly influenced Wycliffe’s works

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7
Q

What contribution did Henry VIII have to the Protestant Reformation?

A

started the Church of England because he wanted his marriage annulled

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8
Q

What contribution did John Calvin have to the Protestant Reformation?

A

started Calvinism

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9
Q

What contribution did John Knox have to the Protestant Reformation?

A

brought reformation to the church in Scotland

founded the Presbyterian Church

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10
Q

What contribution did Huldrych Zwingli have to the Protestant Reformation?

A

swiss reformer

established church in Zurich

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11
Q

What contribution did Menno Sims have to the Protestant Reformation?

A

founder of the modern day Mennonites

led Anabaptist movements in Holland

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12
Q

List the four main Protestant Groups

A
  1. Lutherans
  2. Church of England (Anglican)
  3. “Reformed” Churches
  4. “separatist” sectarian groups
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13
Q

T/F

The Transfiguration was when Jesus climbed a mountain and Moses and Elijah appeared.

A

True

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14
Q

T/F

Passion narratives relate the dedication to the church of the early Christian disciples.

A

False

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15
Q

T/F

The various Orthodox churches are led by the Supreme Patriarch of Constantinople.

A

False

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16
Q

T/F

The Anglican Church broke away from the Eastern Orthodox Church.

A

False

17
Q

T/F

John Calvin taught that salvation comes through good works alone.

A

False

18
Q

T/F

The majority of the world’s Christians today are found in Europe and North America.

A

False

19
Q

A major seat of Protestantism developed in Geneva under whom?

A

John Calvin

20
Q

In the history of Christianity, the year 1054 is important because it was the year in which…

A

the first pope was made bishop of Rome

21
Q

Reforms within the Roman Catholic church during the era of the Protestant Reformation were expressed principally in

A

the Council of Trent

22
Q

What is the name for the Christian celebration of Jesus’ resurrection?

A

Easter

23
Q

Evangelicals focus their Christianity on what experience?

A

being “Born Again”

24
Q

Which of the following Christian denominations is a spirit-oriented movement?

A

Pentecostal

25
Q

Archbishop Desmond Tutu is best known for what?

A

Fighting Apartheid

26
Q

Fill in chart for Canonical Books of the Bible

A

Orthodox: 26 NT, 46 OT

Catholic: 27 NT, 46 OT

Protestant: 27 NT, 39 OT

27
Q

Fill in chart for Importance of Sacred Scripture

A

Orthodox: tradition is the one source of divine revelation; scripture forms the oral part

Catholic: scripture + tradition are sources of divine revelation

Protestant: scripture alone is the only infallible guide and the final authority

28
Q

Fill in chart for The Clergy

A

Orthodox: hierarchical w/ highest authority resting in a synod of bishops

Catholic: hierarchical w/ highest authority resting in the Pope

Protestant: no “hierarchy” but orders of clergy are present for the good of church order

29
Q

Fill in chart for Apostolic Succession

A

Orthodox: literal tracing of ordinations back to one of the orig. 12 disciples; Church of Constantinople claims St. Andrew as the first Patriarch

Catholic: literal tracing of ordinations back to one of the orig. 12 disciples; Church of Constantinople claims St. Peter as the first Pope

Protestant: rejected by most but they emphasize continuity of teaching with that of the apostles

30
Q

Fill in chart for The Church

A

Orthodox: the invisible Christ is made present through the visible unity of the bishop and the people

Catholic: each community is part of a universal organism

Protestant: there is an invisible church in heaven and a visible human church on earth which is contingent, relative and changing

31
Q

Fill in chart for Papal Infallibility

A

Orthodox: papal infallibility is rejected

Catholic: the Pope is infallible when, through the Holy Spirit, he defines

Protestant: the only source of infallible is the Bible

32
Q

Fill in chart for The Eucharist

A

Orthodox: through the descent of the Holy Spirit during the Liturgy the bread + wine change into the body + blood of Christ

Catholic: transubstantiation; the consecration becomes effective through the priest

Protestant: bread + wine are symbols, they don’t change in substance

33
Q

Fill in chart for The Fall

A

Orthodox: image denotes our potential to be “God-like”; likeness is the extent to which ones potential is realized

Catholic: conditions inherited from the fall are transmitted through procreation

Protestant: total depravity; everyone born into the world is enslaved to the service of sin

34
Q

Fill in chart for Consequences of Sin

A

Orthodox: we don’t inherit Adam’s guilt but the consequences of his sin

Catholic: conditions inherited from the fall are transmitted through procreation

Protestant: total depravity; everyone born into the world is enslaved to the service of sin

35
Q

Fill in chart for Predestination

A

Orthodox: we have the free will to accept God’s salvation

Catholic: God knows one’s ultimate destination but doesn’t predetermine their path

Protestant: depending on the tradition, God predetermines some to heaven, some to heaven + hell or somewhere in between

36
Q

Fill in chart for About Mary

A

Orthodox: “Theotokos”-the “bearer” or “Mother of God”; ever virginity; First among the saints

Catholic: “Theotokos”-free from original sin; isolated from her role in incarnation; devotions exclusively to Mary

Protestant: reject that Mary was sinless and the Dogma of Immaculate conception

37
Q

Fill in chart for The Immaculate Conception

A

Orthodox: she was “pure” but inherited all the consequences of Adam’s sin

Catholic: from the first moment of her existence, she was filled with divine grace

Protestant: reject that Mary was sinless and the Dogma of the Immaculate conception

World Religions (4 decks)

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