Christiane Nord's book(1-14) + Sender and Sender's Intention(47-56) + Audience and Medium(56-70) Flashcards
For whom this translation oriented text analysis method could be?
-For students and teachers in translator training
-For the professional translators
-For trainee translators at Schools or Faculties for Translating and Interpreting
What is translation oriented text analysis?
What does theoretical principles consist of?
1-Translatological foundations
-Factors and constituents of
the translation process
- the role of the initiator
- the role of the translator
A translator who has to translate a literary text from another period in history, often has to…
…resort to text-analytical methods in order to determine the conditions of its reception. In such case, it may even be necessary to distinguish between the “original” reception in the author’s time and reception in the translator’s time.
As a general rule, what else are texts produced for, other than to be translated?
They are produced to fulfill certain communicative purposes for a specified source language audience.
what is the chronological order of the essential factors and constituents of the process of intercultural text transfer?
ST producer, ST sender, ST, ST receiver, initiator, translator, TT, TT receiver
who can act as the initiator of a translation?
ST author himself, the TT receiver, or even the translator
What is the role of the initiator?
it is the factor that starts the process and determines its course. The process of intercultural text transfer is started because the initiator wants a particular communicative instrument: target text.
What is ‘skopos’
1)translating for who and for what.
2)is the explicit or implicit definition of the prospective target situation.
Not being experts on translation, initiators are often unable to formulate the brief themselves. In this case, it is the translator, as an expert in the target culture, who converts the information provided by the initiator about the prospective TT situation into a practicable definition of the TT skopos
What is the role of the translator?
Being a receiver of the ST as well as the producer of the TT, TRL takes part in both the ST situation and the TT situation.
Translator do not read it for their own purposes. They read the ST instead of the initiator, or some other receiver who belongs to a target culture which may be quite different from the source culture
After reading the text, the translator will convey certain information from the source text to the reader through translation.
The translator’s reception is determined by the communicative needs of the initiator or the TT addressees.
what is the communicative function?
It is the determining criterion of textuality to which the semantic and synthetic features of the text are subject.
what are extratextual factors?
they are analysed before reading the text. The receiver build up a certain expectation as to the intratextual characteristics of the text, but it is only when, through reading, they compare this expectation with the actual features of the text that they experience the particular effect the text has on them
sender and intention
several texts or all texts written by the same author may exhibit certain idiosyncratic features which depend on the sender’s biography
Which texts may not have any author’s name?
these are usually non-literary texts for practical use, such as advertisement, laws or statutes, or operating instructions
what is the difference between sender and text producer?
the sender of a text is the person who uses the text in order to convey a certain message to somebody else and to produce a certain effect, whereas the text producer writes the text according to the instructions of the sender, and complies with the rules and norms of the text production valid in the respective language and culture.
how to obtain info about the sender?
The first clues are provided by the text environment: imprint, blurbs, preface or epilogue, footnotes, other factors of the communicative situation, for instance, by which medium, at what time, and for which function a text has been published.
another source of info is the text itself (intratextual analysis): the use of a certain regional or class dialect
what is the difference between intention, function, and effect?
the intention is defined from the viewpoint of the sender, who wants to achieve a certain purpose with the text
text function is defined “externally”, before the receiver has actually read the text
the effect the text has on the receiver can only be judged after reception.
why is the intention of the sender important to the translator?
because intention of the sender determines the structuring of the text with regard to content and form
