Alan Mckee + Text Typology + Standards of Textuality Flashcards
what is textual analysis?
textual analysis involves analysing texts and is a way for researchers to gather information about how other human beings maḱe sense of the world. It is a methodology -a data gathering process- for those researchers who want to understand the ways in which members of various cultures and subcultures make sense of who they are, and of how they fit into the world which they live. A text can be analysed grammatically, syntactically and lexically.
What is a text?
A text can be defined as an actual use of language, as distinct from a sentence, which is an abstract unit of linguistic analysis.
A text is something that we make meaning from. A text is whenever we produce an interpretation of something’s meaning- a book, television programme, film, magazine, t-shirt or kilt, piece of furniture or ornament- we treat is as a text.
So why not just say “book” or “film” or whatever?
We use the word ´text’ because it has particular implications. There are no two exact synonyms in the English language- word always have slightly different meanings and connotations.
And That would Mean, exactly…?
-Different cultures make sense of the world in very different ways.
What’s culture shock?
the experience of visiting another culture that’s different not only in language, but in its whole way of making sense of the world.
under what category can we discuss the ascription of value to cows in Turkish and Indian Societies?
Differences in value judgement. Value judgements are not natural, nor are they universal. In other cultures, completely different standards apply.
For whom do you think textual analysis is necessary?
Textual analysis is useful for researchers working in cultural studies, media studies, in mass communication, and perhaps even in sociology and philosophy.
How can you name a society that has no consept for the word ‘time’
Different cultures make sense of the world in different ways. There are also differences in the existence of abstract things between cultures. some words may not have a translation in another language.
What are four language functions?
Phatic function, expressive function, informative function and directive function
Give information on text types
There are 5 major text types: expository, argumentative, descriptive, narrative and directive.
What are seven standards of textuality?
seven standards of textuality are cohesion, coherence, intentionality, acceptability, informativity, situationality, and intertextuality.
What is culture?
it is the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people, encompassing language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts.
ex: codes of manners, dress, language, religion, rituals, art
What is subculture?
A subculture is a group within a culture that differs from the general consensus. They have a unique set of beliefs and values that don’t necessarily align with the wider culture.
ex: alcoholics Anonymous, bikers, lgbt, climate activists
Why there are differences in relationship between things?
Because different sense-making systems demand different ways of thinking about the relationships between people and things.
People from different sense-making systems can literally see the world differently.
A realist response?
A structuralist response?
A post-structuralist approach?
A realist response: my culture has got it right. It simply describes reality. Other cultures are wrong
A structuralist response: all these cultures seem to be making sense of the world differently; but really, underneath, they have common structures. They’re not all that different; people across the world are basically the same
A post-structuralist approach: all these cultures do indeed make sense of the world differently: and it is impossible to say that one is right and the others are wrong. In a sense, people from different cultures experience reality differently.
cohesion? coherence?intentionality? acceptability?informativity? situationality? intertextuality?
cohesion: has the function of attaching, syntactically and lexically, the text together in order to create textual unity
coherence: is certainly present in the interpretation of casual conversation. It is people who ‘make sense’ of what they read and hear.
intentionality: concerns the text producer’s attitude and intentions as the text producer uses cohesion and coherence to attain a goal specified in a plan.
acceptability: concerns the text receiver’s attitude that the text should constitute useful or relevant details or information worth accepting.
informativity: is used to account for the extent to which text presented information that is new or unexpected for the receivers. and is dealing with information storage and text receiver’s expectation
situationality: concerns factors of appropriateness and relevance. This includes such aspects as using informal vocabulary and short sentences in informal situations.
intertextuality: production and reception of texts and text units often depend upon both the writer’s and the reader’s knowledge of other texts or text forms and their patterns or ways of expression.
