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Christianity Paper 2 > Christian Practices > Flashcards

Christian Practices Flashcards

1
Q

What is worship?

A
  • An expression of adoration and praise for God
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2
Q

What are the 3 different types of worship?

A
  • Liturgical
  • Informal
  • Individual
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3
Q

Define liturgical worship?

A
  • When worship follows a very set structure which is more or less the same every time
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4
Q

Define informal worship?

A
  • Worship that doesn’t have a set structure and is more spontaneous than liturgical worship
  • Services in Evangelical denominations are often more informal than traditional worship
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5
Q

Define individual worship?

A
  • Takes place in addition to worshipping together in a Church
  • Christians believe it is important to form an personal relationship with God, and worshipping alone is often part of this
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6
Q

Other than praying, what can worship include?

A
  • For some denominations, like the Salvation Army, music is a central part of worship
  • Congregational singing of hymns can be a big part of a service
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7
Q

What is liturgical worship and what does it involve?

A
  • Follows a set pattern and has established rituals, such as having a set pattern of prayers, or the use of a set service book
  • In the CofE, Liturgical worship is rooted in Thomas Cranmer’s ‘Exhortation and Litany’ of 1554. It was the first service book written in English and outlined how church services should take place
  • Most denominations include the Lord’s Prayer in their services, and its especially significant for Protestant Denominations
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8
Q

Whats an example of Liturgical Worship?

A
  • The Eucharist, which is also known as Holy Communion or Mass

In the Catholic Church, Eucharist would involve:
- The Liturgy of the Word- this consists of readings from the Bible, a sermon (homily), a public profession of faith and prayers of intercession (prayers for those in need)

  • The Liturgy of the Eucharist- the altar is prepared with wine and bread in this part of the service. The Eucharistic Prayer and the Lord’s Prayer are said and people share in the bread and wine. The service ends with prayers and a blessing from the Priest
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9
Q

What is the name and author of the book that Liturgical Worship is rooted in?

A

Thomas Cranmer
‘Exhortation and Litany’
1554

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10
Q

Why do some churches have informal worship?

A
  • The modern Charmisatic and Evangelical approach to worship distances itself from traditional Protestant rituals
  • They emphasise the importance of the Holy Spirit and spontaneous action
  • Although this type of worship may seem modern, it actually resembles the type of worship offered by Christians in the first decades of the Church before rituals and traditions had been established
  • This worship also emphasises the ability to worship in any place where Christians may gather
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11
Q

What are beliefs about Individual worship?

A
  • A personal relationship with God is important
  • Traditionally, worship was seen as a formal process that should take place when Christians gathered together at set times and places- ‘corporate worship’
  • However, a changing society that gives indivudlas more freedom and responsibilities has led to private worship becoming more popular
  • Many Christians may choose to not go to Church frequently, and instead pray alone or with their families
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12
Q

What are some of the most important types of prayer?

A

Adoration- deep love and respect for God
Confessional- statement of faith through prayer
Contemplation- meditation
Penitential- saying sorry
Praise
Thanksgiving
Supplication- asking for something

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13
Q

What is the importance of individual prayer to Protestants?

A
  • One of the biggest principles in Protestantism is the belief that each Christian is in their own way a Priest- this means Protestants believe all Christians have direct access to God through Christ
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14
Q

What is the importance of prayer?

A
  • Jesus states Christians should worship God in the Spirit and in truth
  • About developing a special relationship with God
  • Helps to make faith deeply personal
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15
Q

What are set prayers?

A
  • They allow Christians to learn and repeat prayers that have a significant meaning for them
  • They allow prayer to become collective
  • E.g The Lord’s Prayer
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16
Q

What is the Lord’s Prayer?

A
  • Recited in almost every Christian service
  • When the disciples asked Jesus to teach them how to pray, Jesus told them to use the Lord’s prayer
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17
Q

Quote from Lord’s Prayer?

A

‘Lead us not into temptation
But deliver us from evil’
‘For Thine is the Kingdom, and the power,
And the glory’

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18
Q

What is the importance of a set prayer?

A
  • They are part of a tradition and ritual of worship that goes back hundreds of years
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19
Q

What are extemporaneous prayers?

A
  • Non-formulaic, spontaneous prayers
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20
Q

What is the importance of extemporaneous prayer?

A
  • They believe their spontaneity is more spiritually honest
  • Some believe when they pray in this way, their choice and use of words are influenced by the presence of the Holy Spirit
  • Some reject set prayers other than the Lord’s prayer, because they believe the repetition means the meaning is lost, and people don’t think carefully about them
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21
Q

What is informal prayer and why is it important?

A
  • Adoption of a more informal voice in prayer
  • Means they can relate more to prayers
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22
Q

How do Quakers worship?

A
  • Quakers value being in the presence of God
  • Their services don’t consist of any set prayers, instead they sit in silence
  • They believe this gives them the opportunity to listen and reflect, and it helps them become closer to God and other members of the congregation
  • There is no official leader of the worship, but if someone feels moved to speak, this is called Ministry
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23
Q

How do Evangelical Christians worship?

A
  • In many Evangelical Churches, such as the Pentecostal Church, worship is very informal
  • These Christians believe they are moved by the Holy Spirit during worship
  • This may involve them falling into trances or speaking in tongues
  • Movement and participation is encouraged, and there is often music, singing and dancing in the congregation
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24
Q

What is a sacrament?

A
  • An outward sign of an invisible and inward blessing by God, such as baptism and Eucharist
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25
Q

What is the history of the word Sacrament?

A
  • Originates from the Latin ‘sacramentum’, an oath of allegiance made by Roman soldiers in a ceremony conducted in a holy place
  • It eventually started to be used to describe Christian rites
  • The early Christian thinker St. Augustine described it as a ‘visible sign of invisible grace’
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26
Q

What 7 specific rites were described as Sacraments?

A

Baptism
Confirmation
Eucharist
Penance
Anointing of the sick
Holy Orders
Marriage

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27
Q

What is confirmation?

A
  • In churches that practice infant baptism, confirmation takes place when a person reaches an age when they commit to the church for themselves
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28
Q

What is penance?

A
  • Catholics are required to confess their sins to a Priest and repent them
  • The Priest will then absolve them from their sins and ask them to carry out a penitent act to show they’re sorry
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29
Q

Who still acknowledges the 7 Sacraments?

A

Catholics
Eastern Orthodox

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30
Q

What do Protestants believe about sacraments?

A
  • They only recognise baptism and the Eucharist as sacraments
  • This is because they were the only 2 sacraments documented in the Gospels as being practiced by Jesus during his life
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31
Q

What do Quakers and the Salvation Army believe about sacraments?

A
  • They don’t believe in the 7 sacraments
  • They believe that sacraments are an inward spiritual experience and there is no need for external services or rituals
  • They believe some people might get so caught up in external services that they forget the important inward grace they receive from God
  • They believe its possible to live a Holy life without sacraments
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32
Q

What do Evangelical Christians believe about sacraments?

A
  • Many carry out rituals such as baptism, but don’t believe they are especially sacred, so don’t consider them sacraments
33
Q

Who must carry out a baptism?

A
  • An ordained Minister
  • An authorised Lay person (someone who isn’t part of the clergy)
34
Q

What normally happens in a baptism?

A
  • Children and infants are baptised, celebrating the birth of the child and marking their entry into the Christian community
  • Done in most Christian churches
  • Parents and Godparents of a child make promises to bring them up in the Christian faith
  • Children will often have a confirmation ceremony when they reach their early teens, or as adults, when they are able to declare their own faith
35
Q

Why do some Christians disagree with Baptism?

A
  • Some don’t believe in infant baptism, as they think a believer should be able to declare their own faith
  • Jesus was baptised as an adult
36
Q

Why is baptism important for many Christians?

A
  • It is a rite of entry that allows people to become members of the Christian church
  • Many Christians believe original sin is removed through baptism
  • It follows the personal example of Jesus
37
Q

What is a quote about baptism?

A

‘No one can enter the Kingdom of God unless they are born of water’

38
Q

What is a eucharist service an example of?

A

Liturgical worship
- Set structure and same rituals each time

39
Q

What do Catholics believe about Eucharist?

A
  • They believethe bread and wine actually became Jesus’ body and blood in a process called transubstantiation
  • In the sixteenth century, Protestant Reformers adopted a position called consubstantiation.
  • This is the concept of ‘sacramental union’ , that the body and blood of Christ are somehow present ‘with, in and under’ the forms of bread and wine
40
Q

What are Protestant beliefs about Eucharist?

A
  • Many reject the view of the Catholic Chruch and its belief in transubstantiation.
  • They don’t believe the bread and wine actually become the blood and body of christ
  • Many believe Christ is present spiritually within them, rather than literally
  • Some believe Christ is not present at all and the ritual is simply one of remembrance- this is known as an act of memorialism
41
Q

What is Christmas?

A
  • The celebration of the birth of Jesus Christ
  • They don’t belive Christ was actually born on this day, but they mark this day to focus on his incarnation
42
Q

What happens because of the importance of Christmas?

A
  • A period of time known as Advent was set aside to allow Christians to prepare for Christmas
43
Q

When does Advent occur, and what is done during it?

A
  • Begins 4 Sundays before Christmas Day
  • Traditionally, many Christians fasted during this time
  • The Eastern Orthodox church still practices fasting in Advent
  • Many people have advent candles or calendars to count down the days until Christmas
44
Q

How might people celebrate in the run up to Christmas?

A
  • Nativity or crib scenes
  • Nativity plays
  • Special Christingle services to show Jesus was the light of the world
  • Carol concerts
  • Exchanging Christmas cards
  • Decoration of houses
  • Advent wreath decorations
  • Midnight Mass Communion services
45
Q

What is Easter?

A
  • The most important Christian festival
  • It remembers the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ
46
Q

What is Lent?

A
  • A period of 40 days before Easter
  • It remembers the time Jesus spent fasting and praying in the desert- the devil tried to tempt him several times during this period, but he resisted the temptations
47
Q

What happens during Lent?

A
  • Begins with Ash Wednesday, where there are special Church services
  • Catholics attend a special service where they are marked with black ashes in the shape of a cross on their foreheads
  • Traditionally Ash Wednesday is a day of abstinence and fasting
  • To mark the fact that Jesus fasted in the desert, Christians often give up something for lent
48
Q

What happens before Lent?

A
  • Shrove Tuesday or Pancake Day
  • An opportunity to use up the foods that Christians would be giving up during lent
49
Q

What is Holy Week?

A
  • The week that precedes Easter Sunday, and it is when Christians remember the events that led up to Jesus’ death
50
Q

What days are in Holy Week?

A

Palm Sunday
Maundy Thursday
Good Friday

51
Q

What does Easter Sunday mark?

A
  • The day of Jesus’ resurrection, when his tomb was found empty
  • Christians attend special services and Churches are filled with flowers
52
Q

What happens on Palm Sunday?

A
  • Commemorates the arrival of Jesus in Jerusalem.
  • In some Christian traditions, Christians receive crosses made of palm leaves
53
Q

What happens on Maundy Thursday?

A
  • Remembers Jesus’ last supper with his disciples
  • During the meal they shared bread and wine that Jesus said was his body and blood
  • Christians often have mass to celebrate this
  • Jesus also washed his disciples feet, and in Catholic Churches, Priests will often wash the feet of some members of the Congregation
54
Q

What happens on Good Friday?

A
  • To remember Jesus’ death on the Cross
  • A day of mourning and services will be held
  • Some Christians fast
  • Some countries have processions or reenactments of Jesus’ death
55
Q

How might Christians celebrate Easter?

A
  • Attending Church
  • Exchanging cards
  • Exchanging Easter eggs
  • Evening vigil on the Saturday of Holy Week
  • Visiting cemeteries to leave flowers
56
Q

What is a pilgrimage and why is it done?

A
  • A journey to a sacred place
  • Usually an act of religious devotion
  • A pilgrimage can represent a Christian’s journey from Earth to Heaven
57
Q

Where are two sites of Pilgrimage?

A

Walsingham
Taize

58
Q

Where is Walsingham?

A
  • In the county of Norfolk
59
Q

Why did Walsingham become a site of pilgrimage?

A
  • In 1061, the widow of the Lord of the Manor of Walsingham Pava had a dream in which the Virgin Mary asked her to build a replica of the house in Nazareth where the announcement of the Birth of Jesus took place
  • Around 1150, a priory, or small monastic church was built on this site
60
Q

What was pilgrimage historically like in Walsingham?

A
  • Medieval pilgrims from around the world travelled to this site until 1538 when the Reformation resulted in it’s destruction
  • In 1829, Catholics were allowed to practice their religion in Birtain again, and pilgrimage restarted
  • Today, there is also an Anglican shrine at Walsingham
61
Q

What was the reformation?

A
  • When William VIII split with the Catholic Church and established the Chruch of England
  • This resulted in the destruction of many monasteries in Britain
62
Q

Where is Taize?

A
  • A Christian site of pilgrimage in Burgundy, France
63
Q

What is Taize and who founded it?

A
  • Founded in 1940, by Roger Schutz
  • An important ecumenical monastic order
  • The monks come from many different countries and live a life of communal prayer
64
Q

What is at the heart of the Taize community?

A

Reconciliation
- By bringing together different Christian denominations, the Taize community promotes understanding and cooperation between them

65
Q

How many people visit Taize?

A

100,000 each year

66
Q

Why do so many people go to Taize?

A
  • Curiosity
  • Adventure
  • Holiday
  • Act of religious devotion
  • Historical reasons
  • Act of atonement
  • Act of supplication to ask God for something
67
Q

What do pilgrims do at Taize?

A
  • They join in the life of the monastic community by participating in the set times of prayer in the ‘Church of Reconciliation’
  • Spend time in private prayer
  • Attend Bible-study discussion groups led by monks
  • Share in communal work
68
Q

What happens in Church services in Taize?

A
  • Famous for their use of chants and music
  • Monks wear white robes
  • Pilgrims who visit are required to attend monastic church services 3 times a day
69
Q

What is the changing religious landscape in Britain?

A
  • Many religious beliefs and teachings are viewed as out of date
  • Many more people claim to be atheist or agnostic
  • People follow a number of religions in Britain
  • Attendance at Churches has declined, and celebration of religious festivals have lost religious significance for many (such as Christmas)
70
Q

What percentage of Britain is Christian
from the 2011 census and 2021 census?

A
  • In 2011, 59% were Christian
  • In 2021, 46% were Christian
71
Q

Compare 2011 and 2021 census date:

A
  • No religion is 37% in 2021 and 25% in 2011
  • Islam is 6.5% in 2021 and 4.9% in 2011
72
Q

How is Christian influence evident in law courts?

A
  • In a Uk court of law, witnesses are required to swear they are telling on the truth, which is often done on the Bible, or on another religious book.
  • However, if you’re non-religious, you can make a witness affirmation instead
73
Q

How is Christian influence evident in events?

A
  • Lots of people mark improtant events such as marriage in a Chruch, even if they’re not religious
  • Christian hymns and readings are often made at public events such as the National Service of Remembrance held to commemorate those who died in WW2
74
Q

How else is Christian influence evident in traditions?

A
  • ‘Keep holy the Sabbath day’ is a Commandment, and traditionally, Christians go to Church on Sunday, and it was regarded as a day of rest
  • The hours shops can be open on Sunday are restricted
75
Q

How is Christianity important in Law?

A
  • The Uk Parliament is made up of 2 houses.
  • The House of Commons is made up of elected representatives, but the House of Lords is not elected, and contains two types of people
  • The Monarch elects Lords Temporal, but the Lords Spiritual are 26 of the most senior Church of England Bishops
  • For laws to be passed, they must be approved by both the House of Commons and Lords, showing the CofE has a direct role in shaping UK laws
  • Many Uk laws mirror Ten Commandments, such as ‘Do not kill’
76
Q

How does Christianity affect holidays?

A
  • Easter and Christmas are widely celebrated in the UK
  • School holidays fall over these periods and many businesses will close
  • Other Christian festivals such as St. Valentines Day are also widely celebrated, but with little religious meaning anymore
77
Q

What different holidays and events are celebrated in the Uk?

A
  • 75,000 people gather in Birmingham to celebrate Eid-ul-Fitr
  • Bonfire night is celebrated to remember the Gunpowder Plot
  • Notting Hill Carnival happens each year and celebrates the diversity of modern Britain with little focus on religion
78
Q

Why do churches have a role in the local community?

A
  • Part of living out the values Jesus demonstrated in the Gospels involve Chruches reaching out into communities in a variety of ways
  • Some Church services provided to the community might be religious, such as baptisms, marriage and funerals
  • Lots of Churches have a Church Hall, which can be used for a variety of activities
79
Q

What activities can happen in a Church Hall?

A
  • Refreshments after Sunday service
  • Weekly meals for the homeless
  • Food banks
  • Youth clubs
  • Coffee mornings for the elderly
  • Creche facilities for young mothers
  • Organisations like cubs and brownies
  • Birthday partners
  • Emergency shelters

Christianity Paper 2 (4 decks)

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