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Ocr RE New Gcse 9-1 > Christainity Practices > Flashcards

Christainity Practices Flashcards

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1
Q

What is meant by communal worship ?

A
  • When Christians go to worship in church with other people who make up the congregation
  • benefit from experience of worshipping with others
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2
Q

What are the 3 basic forms of communal worship ?

A

Liturgical
Non-liturgical
Charismatic

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3
Q

Describe Liturgical worship

A
  • formal in organisation and use set patterns for service
  • congregation respond to person leading the service by reading set words from service sheet/book
  • usually same every time
  • RCC , orthodox + COFE
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4
Q

Why is the symbolic use of colour important in COFE and RCC ?

A
  • tied in with the church year , during which different parts of Jesus life and work are remembered
  • colour of vestments that priest express character of what it is being celebrated / remembered
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5
Q

What are the two mains types of services in liturgical worship ?

A
  • Eucharist service

- Service of the Word

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6
Q

Describe the Eucharistic service

A
  • focuses on the Eucharist , celebration and remembrance of Jesus suffering and death
  • Last meal with his disciples , before his crucifixion, Jesus broke loaf of bread + poured wine
  • congregation receive bread and wine = Jesus body + blood
  • readings from Bibles . hymns , short sermon
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7
Q

Describe the service of the Word

A
  • does not include Eucharist ( not bread or wine )
  • focus on bible readings and the sermon
  • sermon will be longer and more developed than Eucharist service
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8
Q

Describe how Anglican worship

A
  • generally use the Book of Common prayer or Common worship liturgy books
  • The Books of Common sets out the words of the service + gives directions to worshippers and minister
  • hymns will be sung
  • people stand for the reading of the creed and Gospel
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9
Q

Describe the Roman Catholic worship

A
  • use an order of service in book called a missal
  • similar structure to COFE
  • believe in transubstantiation ( transformation of the bread and wine into body + blood of Christ )
  • anglicans dont agree ^
  • Catholic’s believe Each EU service Jesus sacrifice is truly recreated at altar
  • Anglicans believe Jesus death to have been a single event in time , never repeated
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10
Q

Describe a Quaker meeting

A
  • call their worship service a “ meeting for worship “
  • people enter meeting room and take a seat in silence
  • silence = able to reflect , thank and listen ( closer to God )
  • no songs , set prayers etc. ,
  • believe in equality so no ministers anyone can contribute ( ministry )
  • Bibles available , and small booklet called “ advices and Queries “
  • ends when Quakers shake hands
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11
Q

Describe Greek Orthodox worship

A
  • Eucharist is called Divine Liturgy ( hour and a half )
  • Little entrance = book of the gospels carried in sanctuary
  • Great entrance = bread and wine are carried to the altar for the Prayer of Consecration + holy communion
  • 1st section of service : Liturgy of the word followed by Liturgy of the Faithful
  • Nicene creed , hyms + reciting of Lord Prayer , bread and wine are consecrated
  • emphasise role of Holy Spirit
  • bread is soaked in wine + distributed to believers , bread that is blessed = congregation and non-orthodox believers share in this ( Christian fellowship)
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12
Q

Describe Methodist worship

A
  • similar to Anglican Church , but may follow a less structured service
  • publishes own hymn book
  • Eucharist = the service of the table or communion
  • open communion , all welcome as it’s Christ’s table
  • led by minister
  • Wine distributed , small circular waters used instead of bread
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13
Q

Describe Non-liturgical services

A
  • more spontaneous , little pre-organised structure
  • minister leads service , but anyone might be allowed to pray in own way
  • Protestant + non-conformist churches eg. Baptist , Methodist
  • ensures they don’t become stuck in a worship ‘rut’ , always saying without true meaning
  • focus on service = reinforces importance of the bibles as the authoritative Word of God
  • sermon is the focus of service , understand message of Bible , word of God and application to daily lives
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14
Q

Describe charismatic worship

A
  • Charismatic Christians believe they receive similar gifts of the Holy Spirit
  • eg. speaking in tongues , prophecy and healing
  • does not follow a set pattern, includes dancing , clapping and people raising hands
  • open to Holy Spirit + led by him, during service
  • person in congregation fields it’s right moment for them to say a special praye r/hymn of praise /silent reflection
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15
Q

Describe individual worship

A
  • spend time praying in their own private worship
  • develop close + personal relationship with God
  • seeks Gods specific guidance, help and encouragement ( challenges ) for own lives
  • may respond to God with personal thanks + praise as they are aware God is working on their lives
  • Pray to God = Christians reliance on him will increase , faith will be deepened as they seek his will
  • God hears and responds to prayers
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16
Q

What are sacraments ?

A
  • ritual which the grace or blessing of God can be received
  • In Anglican Book of Common Prayer , sacrament is explained as an outward + visible sign of inward/spiritual grace given to Christians
  • RCC , performed by priest and according to agreed practice of church , gives grace of God
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17
Q

Difference in the belief of sacraments

A
  • RCC believe in all 7 sacraments
  • Orthodox regard 7 as sacraments but sometimes call it “ holy mysteries “
  • Protestant + COFE only 2 sacraments = Eucharist and Baptism ( direct link to Jesus - sacraments of the gospel )
  • Baptist’s prefer to call sacraments ordinances
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18
Q

Difference between transubstantiation and consubstantiation

A
  • TS ; believed by RCC , bread and wine are actually transformed into Jesus’s body and blood , even though appearance and taste doesn’t change
  • CS ; believed by COFE , Jesus is believed to be spiritually present in bread and wine , as sacrifice is celebrated
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19
Q

Why is the Eucharist important for Christians ?

A
  • reminds them of the sacrifice of a Jesus and salvation they have received
  • brings them closer as a community
  • ritual established by Jesus hence shows believer is obeying his command
  • May be feel better prepared to deal with things that happen in life
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20
Q

What is baptism ?

A
  • symbolises a person’s admission into the Christian church ( full member of community )
  • most denominations, must be baptised to share in the Eucharist
  • isn’t just a symbolical removal of sin , causes a real transformation by washing away sin
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21
Q

What is infant baptism ( christening ) ?

A
  • RCC , orthodox + COFE
  • ritual of baptising baby that allows it to receive Gods blessing , parents make promise to raise child as Christian
  • followed by ritual of confirmation
  • inward effect upon child , God’s spirit beginning to work in their life
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22
Q

Which denominations follow Believers baptism and why ?

A
  • non conformist denominations such as Baptist + Pentecostal
  • emphasis placed on the person making a conscious decision when baptised
  • grace of God received as a expression of faith rather than performance of ritual
  • Baby can’t choose to be baptised , hence must be baptised as Adults
  • New Testament points to Adult baptism of Jesus , needs to be a believer
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23
Q

Why don’t some denominations such as Quakers and the Salvation Army practice baptism ?

A

Receive God’s France inwardly no need for outward ceremony

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24
Q

How is Prayer like in congregational worship ?

A
  • Prayer led by one or several people
  • congregation may be asked to take part through set responses
  • simply listen to prayers and confirm agreement by saying “Amen”
  • any member who wishes to stand up and say prayer aloud
  • silent prayer , period of reflection , God may speak to them in some way
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25
Q

Difference between set prayers and informal prayer ?

A
  • set prayers : help worshippers express their thankfulness , requests to God , sometimes hard to believers to find words they want to express , this helps them
  • informal prayers ( extempore ) : freedom to relate to a God in a unique, individual way , intimate way of engaging in conversation with God
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26
Q

What does the Lord prayer include ?

A
  • confession of things Christians done wrong
  • thanksgiving
  • adoration
  • concern for others
  • supplication ( asking for something special for themselves or others )
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27
Q

What are the 4 types of prayer ? Give a brief description of each

A
  • ADORATION : focus on God’s character and adore him , Christians able to keep their own lives in perspective , helps geo in sense or security in his safe keeping
  • CONFESSION : bring before God anything they have done wrong / failed to do , seeking God’s forgiveness , believer consider how they need to change
  • SUPPLICATIONS + INTERCESSION : asking for help , eg. in a challenging situation , asking for God’s healing or intervention is struggling relationship to bring peace , not a wish list
  • THANKSGIVING - Gods has plan for their good + in hard situation , they are thankful , helps them remain grateful to Gods provision , recognise God in all aspects of their lives
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28
Q

What is ‘ grace ‘ ?

A
  • thanking God before a meal
  • Christians recognise all they have received , especially food they are about to consume , is because of Gods goodness to them
  • Some churches “ The grace “ is a prayer
  • Methodist Church close with the saying of the Grace , it acknowledges Gods love and generosity to his piepte
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29
Q

What does it mean to pray in spirits ?

A
  • inspired prayer led by the Gods Holy Spirit within the believer
  • understood as praying in tongues , usually private
  • unique language given to belieber by God , enable to praise God Human language can’t
  • no sense in terms on human language
  • strengthened by Spirit, bring believer close to god
30
Q

What is meditational prayers ?

A
  • believe focuses on stillness upon God
  • Bible passage may be used
  • Jesus spent nights alone in prayer , Christians follow this example
  • sense of particular closeness to God
  • God will reveal himself directly to them
31
Q

What is a pilgrimage ? Why is it important ?

A
  • physical journey that will taken a person to a place of religious significance
  • step outside of the daily pattern of their life , wholly devote time to God
  • find own spiritual life benefits , helps bring closer to God
  • physically demanding challenge , better understanding of themselves and need to God
  • intensely spiritual experience , real sense of awe/wonder or a fresh revelation of God
32
Q

What’s significant about Lourdes ?

A
  • 1858 , 14 year old girl claimed to have visions of Virgin Mary near Lourdes
  • in these visions , virgin predicted that a water string would appear in the grotto and it did
  • spring had healing powers , RCC built near
  • over 7000 healing have been registered , 69 confirmed by church as miracles
  • seek physical but also spiritual healing
  • faith and relationship with God is strengthened and restored
33
Q

What’s significant about Jerusalem ?

A
  • where Jesus lives towards the end of his life + where he died, buried and seen alive after resurrection
  • helps Bibles come to life and reflect more deeply on faith
  • Church of Holy Sepulchre , build over the Spot where Jesus tomb
  • Stone of unction : Jesus body laid and washed after crucifixion
34
Q

What’s significant about Walsingham ?

A
  • Lady of Manor had vision of Virgin Mary’s home in Narazeth
  • Virgin Mary Home built according to how she saw it in her vision
  • 1169 , Monks became responsible for the care of this site ( England’s Nazareth ) + became a shrine ( many miracles )
  • Every day , Eucharist services + evening prayers
35
Q

What’s significant about Rome ?

A
  • Vatican City , headquarter of RCC
  • St Peters church , largest Christian church
  • Myth , while fleeing persecution in Rome , Peter had a vision of Jesus ‘ going to be crucified again ‘
  • Peter ashamed and realised he should not flee
  • returned to a Rome and requested to be crucified upside down , not same as Jesus
  • home of Pope , the head of RCC
36
Q

What does Gospels of Mathew and Luke consist of ?

A

Accounts of Jesus birth

  • Mathew ; records of coming of wise men
  • Luke ; tells of angels appearing to ordinary shepherds in the fields declaring Jesus birth to them
37
Q

How do Christians celebrate Christmas ?

A
  • celebration of the season of Advent ( begins on 4 Sunday before 25 ) marks start of liturgical church year in RCC and Anglican
  • Churches May have advent wreaths with 4 candles , each Sunday one candle will be lit
  • waiting time used to get ready spiritual for Christmas, giving time to prayer and seeking God’s forgiveness
  • Midnight on Christmas Eve , they go to a special service of Eucharist ‘ might night mass ‘
  • Christmas Day , services that celebrate Jesus birth such as carols l readings from gospels
38
Q

How Orthdox church celebrate Christmas differently ?

A
  • Christmas celebrated on or near 7 January due to historical differences in the way calendars were calculated
  • fast before Christmas as preparation to celebrate Jesus birth
  • fasting helps shift their focus from themselves to others , less time worrying about food , spend more time on Prayer
  • attend a special church Liturgy in Christmas Day on 7th January
39
Q

Why is Christmas important ?

A
  • celebration of Jesus incarnation , allowed way for humans to be reconciled with God
  • birth gives humanity hope for a new beginning, possibility for restored relationship with God + eternal life after death
  • Jesus will return once more to Earth ‘ Paraousia ‘ hence must live as Jesus commanded them to
  • time to reflect on the need for peace in the world , remembering and helping those less fortunate ( Salvation Army very active )
40
Q

Describe the celebration of Easter

A
  • takes place at end of Holy Week
  • time for reflection and
    celebration for all Christian denominations
  • through death and resurrection, Jesus brought about human salvation and gave Christian hope for eternal life with God
  • grow relationship with God , reminded of the grace and mercy of God
41
Q

What is Lent ?

A
  • Orthodox , RCC + COFE
  • lead up to Easter , 40
    day period of fasting
  • recalling the gospel accounts of when , after his baptism , Jesus spent 40 days fasting in the desert
  • Tempted by Satan to give up fast , but resisted temptations
  • Christians show they too will try to resist temptation
42
Q

What happens during Ash Wednesday?

A
  • marks the start of Lent
  • sign of cross marked on foreheads with ashes
  • visual reminder to focus on suffering death and resurrection of Jesus
43
Q

What is Palm Sunday ?

A
  • Start of Holy Week , recalls the arrival on Jesus into Jerusalem as he rides a donkey
  • Crowd welcomed him , waving palm branches which symbolises victory ( Messiah )
  • welcome upset Jewish leaders as they’d not believe Jesus was Messiah and concerned about his popularity
  • small crosses made of palm leaves given : palms believed waves + death n cross at same week
  • Christians reflect upon their own faithfulness to Jesus
44
Q

What is Maundy Thursday ?

A
  • remember Jesus last supper with his disciples ( 12) , he washed his disciples feet , established Eucharist + predicted to be betrayed by one of the disciples
  • RCC - minister washes the feet of 12 people , other churches minister wash feet of the congregation
  • communion service , bread/wine
  • Monarch takes part in the ceremony of the Royal Maundy , occurs at cathedral , money given to senior citizens
  • reminder Jesus came to service and we should follow his example
  • Jesus washing feet = servant role hence Christians should remain humble and willing to serve others
  • great thankfulness by Christians to God
45
Q

What is good Friday ? How is it celebrated ?

A
  • remember Jesus crucifixion
  • Special services to meditate on Jesus death and the sin of humanity
  • main service ‘ service of cross ‘ reading accounts from gospels of Jesus , crucifixion, singing hymns
  • worshippers move around church stop at each of the 14 stations of the cross and pray
  • passion plays , play about Jesus suffering and death
  • remove all decoration and signs of colour
46
Q

Why is Good Friday significant ?

A
  • Without Jesus death the debt of Sin owned by Human to God will still be unpaid
  • greatest act of mercy to humanity , sacrifice of his own son of cross
  • consider depth of Gods love for humans , reflect on own life and sinfulness , seeking God’s forgiveness
  • Gods understand human suffering because he suffered on the cross as Jesus , hence God understands human suffering and can comfort them
47
Q

What happens on Holy Saturday and Easter Sunday ?

A
  • Joy of Jesus resurrection and victory over sin celebrated
  • COFE , RCC keep an Easter Vigil on Saturday evening
  • congregation meet outside church and a bonfire is lit , special candle called Pachal candle , is brought out
  • Easter Sunday , Cqndles / banners put back up + floral displays
  • service full of praise as hymns are sung celebrating Jesus triumphs over death
  • Confirms the truth of their hope of an eternal life , thankful for God
48
Q

Explain the symbolism of infant baptism ?

A
  • RCC , COFE - child having water from the font poured or sprinkled over head
  • Orthodox- Child is immersed into water in the baptismal bowl / font
    Leaving behind life of sin + entering ne Christian life , water = cleansed of original sin + beginning of new life
  • RCC - rub blessed oil called Chrism onto child’s forehead = coming on the Holy Spirit , work in his/her life
  • priest may light a candle from Paschal candle and hand to parents , spiritual darkness to light
  • Parents expected to bring child yo in Christian Faith
49
Q

What is confirmation ?

A
  • children who have been baptised as babies may choose to may their own decision about belonging to Christian Faith
  • fulfils promises made by parents
  • RCC , COFE , Methodist church
  • confirm their own personal faith and belief
  • series of classes run by church , clear on decision they make
  • during service , candidates answer questions parents first answered on their behalf
  • kneel at the altar rail , special + sacred area , Bishop places his hand upon candidates head and pray for Holy Spirit in them
  • chrism oil on forehead , symbol of richness of the Holy Spirit
50
Q

What is a service of dedication ?

A
  • Baptist church ( non-conformist churches )
  • gives thanks to God for the birth of the baby
  • parents and the congregation make promises to commit to bring the child up in the Christian Faith
  • prayers are said , good parents , asking God for his guidance and wisdom in their parent hood
51
Q

What is believers baptism

A
  • symbolic of individual free will choice to become a Christian
  • asks God for forgiveness of sind’s and publicly commits him or herself to follow Christian Faith
  • Testimony - short account of how they became a Christian
  • believe stands about waist deep in pool of water in church / sea
  • wear white = purity and forgiveness for sins
  • asked by minister to proclaim their repentance of sin and commitment
  • minister lays belieber fully back under the water , removal of sin
  • brought back up = being brought into new life with faith in God , presence of Holy Spirit
52
Q

What are the purpose of marriage vows ?

A
  • give encouragement to stick to their original commitment to one another
  • reassurance that partner is committed to them and and promised to be there for them until they die
  • guidance on how to relate to their spouse
53
Q

What is the purpose of the minister explaining the purpose of marriage ?

A
  • ensures the couple and witness understand the meaning of ceremony
  • service is not an act that couple make before family , but in front of God
  • reminds Bride and Groom of the lifelong commitment they are about to make
54
Q

What does a ring symbolise ?

A
  • couple have made a commitment
  • outward sign to others that the person is married and unavailable for a sexual or martial relationship with anyone else
55
Q

Why do couples pray to God after marriage ?

A
  • encouraged to rely on God and seek his support during married life
  • God is involved in relationship from the start
  • God strengthens their relationship with each other and guides them
  • hymns reflect that belief that love and marriage are from God
56
Q

When do couples exchanged rings in a Orthodox wedding service ?

A
  • engagement before wedding ( betrothal ceremony )
  • most rituals repeated three times represent the trinity
  • rings exchanged 3 times , signifying how they will complement each other in their marriage
  • hold candles in left hand , symbolise willingness to receive God’s blessings
57
Q

What happens during the wedding in an Orthodox Church ?

A
  • silver crowns called stefanas held over the heads of groom and bride
  • crown represents the royalty of the marriage
  • white ribbon = unity of couple
  • three sips of wine from shared cup , Jesus turned water into wine at a wedding in Cana
  • Cup symbolic of shared life
  • follow priest as he circles the altar three times , taking first steps as a married couple
  • finished with exclamation “ MAY YOU LIVE! “
58
Q

What happens at a funeral service ?

A
  • bible reading : focus on the prospect of eternal life with God after death
  • eulogy : talk/speech , persons life is remembered and their achievements are acknowledged
  • prayers : said for the relative / friends of the dead person , asking God to support them in their time of grief + give strength to move on
  • hymns : sometimes chosen before death by the person who has died , or favourites
  • requiem mass : mass for the dead
  • burial/cremation : further prayers said at the graveside before final commitment statement by minister , also said as curtains shut around coffin. Committing person to God’s care
59
Q

Purpose of a funeral ?

A
  • marks the close of a human life on Earth
  • serves as a reminder of the hope an afterlife with God
  • thank God for the dead persons life of Earth
60
Q

Describe the requiem mass ?

A
  • Liturgy begins with the request to God to “grant them “ .
  • In Greek Orthodox churches it’s the fullest form of memorial service
  • Contains readings if hymns + Liturgy
  • COFE doesn’t not have this (high Anglican services do )
61
Q

How do church communities support families ?

A
  • mark significant life events such as baptism + marriage
  • support families in funerals
  • priest might provide support to families by visiting the sick in home/hospital or offer counselling to couples
  • run volunteer services to help groups such as young mother or elderly , providing them with help + advice
  • involved with local charities , such as providing respite care for families who are looking after ill/dependent relatives
  • service for young people , such as Sunday school , teach children about their faith + chance to socialise
62
Q

What is a mission ?

A
  • task or job that a person or organisation is given to do
  • most Christians believe their mission was to take the faith to everywhere in the world and convert all people to Christianity ( Evangelism )
63
Q

What do the world council of churches aim to do ?

A
  • organisation that includes all churches in true world , except RCC
  • goal of conversion , work of evangelism by helping people come to a personal faith in God
  • goal of reconciliation , working to see the Christian message playing a part in all aspects of society , wider world
64
Q

What is the mission of the church ?

A
  • something to say and contribute to all parts of human activity
  • starting up new churches in areas where there are none or failing ( church planting )
  • Meeting , Talking and sharing views and having a dialogue with people from other religions
  • Examining Each other’s faith , increases understanding and helps secure peace
  • action for justice , Church finds itself with conflict with those who don’t treat people fairly
  • Great Commission Jesus Gave to follower hence church do the same
65
Q

What’s the meaning and significance of evangelism ?

A
  • Archbishop of Canterbury , 2 purposes of existence of the church
  • 1) worship God and the other is to make new disciples
  • Evangelism : Christian Action of sharing Jesus teaching to the world and bringing opportunity of salvation for all who believe
  • Evangelism starts from the point of genuine relationships with people themselves are not part of the church culture
  • Jesus is perfect example of evangelism
66
Q

What do Salvation Army believe about Evangelism ?

A
  • strong tradition of evangelism
  • exist to “ save souls , grow saints and serve a suffering humanity “
  • Jesus disciple in a modern world , seek to make Jesus known through both its actions and its message
67
Q

Examples of Christian agencies

A
  • Cafod : Catholic agency that works in the developing world to bring hope to those in poor communities
  • Christian aid : Christian development charity that works to get rid of poverty in around 50 countries
  • Tear fund : similar to Christian aid
68
Q

Examples of organisation that help persecuted church

A
  • Open Doors : helps people have Access to Bibles
  • Barnabas fund : charity worlds to bring hope to those Christians under persecution ( direct aid through existing churches where persecution is happening )
  • The fund : publishes the cases of persecuted Christians through websites and magazine , public petitions , letter writing campaigns
69
Q

Name three ecumenical communities

A
  • Taizé in France : place where wartime enemies could put aside differences
  • Iona in scotland : holy island place of Christian pilgrimage
  • Corrymeela in Ireland : encourage good relation between Protestant and Roman Catholic
70
Q

Describe new forms of church

A
  • may not meet in specifically designed church but doing
  • meet in theatres , cafes or even peoples home
  • leaders in these churches may not be “ ordained clergy ‘ ( grained + approved by a traditional church )
  • eg. house church movement

Ocr RE New Gcse 9-1 (5 decks)

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