Chpter 3

Question 0

Define turboprop pressure

Answer 0

2.Turgor pressure pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall of plant, bacteria, and fungi cells as well as those protist cells which have cell walls.

Question 1

Define plasmolysis

Answer 1

1.

contraction of the protoplast of a plant cell as a result of loss of water from the cell.

Question 2

Define osmosis

Answer 2

3.A process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane.

Question 3

Define pinocytosis

Answer 3

4.the ingestion of liquid into a cell by the budding of small vesicles from the cell membrane.

Question 4

Define cytolysis

Answer 4

5.the dissolution or disruption of cells, esp. by an external agent.

Question 5

Define endocytosis

Answer 5

6.the taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole.

Question 6

Define exocytosis

Answer 6

7.a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane.

Question 7

Define carrier protein

Answer 7

8.Carrier proteins are proteins involved in the movement of large molecules in and out of a cell, down their concentration gradient.

Question 8

Define passive transport

Answer 8

9.transport of a substance across a cell membrane by diffusion; expenditure of energy is not required.

Question 9

Define diffusion

Answer 9

10.the spreading of something more widely.

Question 10

Define facilitated diffusion

Answer 10

11.Facilitated diffusion is a process of passive transport, with this passive transport aided by integral membrane proteins. Facilitated diffusion is the spontaneous passage of molecules or ions across a biological membrane passing through specific transmembrane integral proteins.

Question 11

Define ion channel

Answer 11

12.Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins whose functions include establishing a resting membrane potential, shaping action potentials and other electrical signals by gating the flow of ions across the cell membrane, controlling the flow of ions across secretory and epithelial cells.

Question 12

Define concentration gradient

Answer 12

13.a gradient in concentration of a solute as a function of distance through a solution; “the movement of a solute down its concentration gradient is called diffusion.

Question 13

Define hypertonic

Answer 13

14.adjective
1.having increased pressure or tone, in particular.
having a higher osmotic pressure than a particular fluid, typically a body fluid or intracellular fluid.

Question 14

Define hypotonic

Answer 14

15.having reduced pressure or tone, in particular.

having a lower osmotic pressure than a particular fluid, typically a body fluid or intracellular fluid.

Question 15

Define equilibrium

Answer 15

16.a state in which a process and its reverse are occurring at equal rates so that no overall change is taking place.

Question 16

Define isotonic

Answer 16

17.denoting or relating to a solution having the same osmotic pressure as some other solution, esp. one in a cell or a body fluid.
Origin

Question 17

Define contractile vacual

Answer 17

18.a vacuole in some protozoans that expels excess liquid on contraction.

Question 18

Define phagocyte

Answer 18

19.a type of cell within the body capable of engulfing and absorbing bacteria and other small cells and particles.

Question 19

Define active transport

Answer 19

19.the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.

Question 20

Define vesicles

Answer 20

20.a small blister full of clear fluid.

Question 21

Define phagocytosis

Answer 21

21.the ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocytes and ameboid protozoans.

Question 22

Define sodium potassium pump

Answer 22

22.the ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocytes and ameboid protozoans.