Chpter 3 Flashcards
Define turboprop pressure
2.Turgor pressure pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall of plant, bacteria, and fungi cells as well as those protist cells which have cell walls.
Define plasmolysis
1.
contraction of the protoplast of a plant cell as a result of loss of water from the cell.
Define osmosis
3.A process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane.
Define pinocytosis
4.the ingestion of liquid into a cell by the budding of small vesicles from the cell membrane.
Define cytolysis
5.the dissolution or disruption of cells, esp. by an external agent.
Define endocytosis
6.the taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole.
Define exocytosis
7.a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane.
Define carrier protein
8.Carrier proteins are proteins involved in the movement of large molecules in and out of a cell, down their concentration gradient.
Define passive transport
9.transport of a substance across a cell membrane by diffusion; expenditure of energy is not required.
Define diffusion
10.the spreading of something more widely.
Define facilitated diffusion
11.Facilitated diffusion is a process of passive transport, with this passive transport aided by integral membrane proteins. Facilitated diffusion is the spontaneous passage of molecules or ions across a biological membrane passing through specific transmembrane integral proteins.
Define ion channel
12.Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins whose functions include establishing a resting membrane potential, shaping action potentials and other electrical signals by gating the flow of ions across the cell membrane, controlling the flow of ions across secretory and epithelial cells.
Define concentration gradient
13.a gradient in concentration of a solute as a function of distance through a solution; “the movement of a solute down its concentration gradient is called diffusion.
Define hypertonic
14.adjective
1.having increased pressure or tone, in particular.
having a higher osmotic pressure than a particular fluid, typically a body fluid or intracellular fluid.
Define hypotonic
15.having reduced pressure or tone, in particular.
having a lower osmotic pressure than a particular fluid, typically a body fluid or intracellular fluid.
Define equilibrium
16.a state in which a process and its reverse are occurring at equal rates so that no overall change is taking place.
Define isotonic
17.denoting or relating to a solution having the same osmotic pressure as some other solution, esp. one in a cell or a body fluid.
Origin
Define contractile vacual
18.a vacuole in some protozoans that expels excess liquid on contraction.
Define phagocyte
19.a type of cell within the body capable of engulfing and absorbing bacteria and other small cells and particles.
Define active transport
19.the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.
Define vesicles
20.a small blister full of clear fluid.
Define phagocytosis
21.the ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocytes and ameboid protozoans.
Define sodium potassium pump
22.the ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocytes and ameboid protozoans.
