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Biology > Biology Semester 2 > Flashcards

Biology Semester 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Define replication fork

A

a Y-shaped part of a chromosome that is the site for DNA strand separation and then duplication

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1
Q

Define replication

A

Genetics. the process by which double-stranded DNA makes copies of itself, each strand, as it separates, synthesizing a complementary strand.

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2
Q

Define helicase

A

any of the enzymes that use the energy derived from the hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates to unwind the double-stranded helical structure of nucleic acids

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3
Q

Define polymers

A

any of several enzymes that catalyze the formation of a long-chain molecule by linking smaller molecular units, as nucleotides with nucleic acids.

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4
Q

Define protein synthesis

A

the process by which amino acids are linearly arranged into proteins through the involvement of ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, messenger RNA, and various enzymes.

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5
Q

Define codon

A

a triplet of adjacent nucleotides in the messenger RNA chain that codes for a specific amino acid in the synthesis of a protein molecule.

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6
Q

Translation

A

the state of being translated.

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7
Q

Define transcription

A

the arrangement of a composition for a medium other than that for which it was originally written.

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8
Q

Define termination signal

A

A termination signal is found at the end of the part of the chromosome being transcribed during transcription of mRNA.

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9
Q

Define anticodon

A

A sequence of three nucleotides in a region of transfer RNA that recognizes a complementary coding triplet of nucleotides in messenger RNA during translation by the ribosomes in protein biosynthesis.

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10
Q

Define operator

A

It is something that operates something to happen

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11
Q

Define promotors

A

Promoters are the things that tell people what is good for them. They tell good things about their product or item to try to sell them to you

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12
Q

Define exons

A

any portion of an interrupted gene that is represented in the RNA product and is translated into protein.

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13
Q

Define introns

A

Compare exon a stretch of DNA that interrupts a gene and does not contribute to the specification of a protein

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14
Q

Define point mutation

A

a change in a single base in a nucleotide sequence.

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15
Q

Define rameshift

A

the addition or deletion of one or more nucleotides in a strand of DNA, which shifts the codon triplets of the genetic code of messenger RNA and causes a misreading during translation, resulting in an aberrant protein and therefore a mutation.

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16
Q

Define substitution

A

a person or thing acting or serving in place of another.

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17
Q

Define mutation

A

an individual, species, or the like, resulting from such a departure.

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18
Q

Define insertion

A

the manner or place of attachment, as of an organ.

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19
Q

Define deletion

A

The act of deleting something from something

20
Q

Define mutagen

A

a substance or preparation capable of inducing mutation.

21
Q

Define universal code

A

A code that is used for everything

22
Q

Define DNA

A

DNA is the code that everyone has in their body

23
Q

Define double helix

A

A double helix is the shape that DNA makes

24
Q

Define thymine

A

Thymine is a base that is located in DNA

25
Q

Define deoxyribose

A

Deoxyribose is the sugar that is in DNA

26
Q

Define hydrogen bond

A

A hydrogen bond is the bond that holds the DNA together

27
Q

Define complementary

A

Complementary means that they are identical

28
Q

Define semi conservative

A

Semi conservative means that only half of something in conservative

29
Q

Define nucleic acid

A

A nucleic acid is the acid in DNA

30
Q

Define nucleotide

A

any of a group of molecules that, when linked together, form the building blocks of DNA or RNA: composed of a phosphate group, the bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine, and a pentose sugar, in RNA the thymine base being replaced by uracil.

31
Q

Define phosphate

A

Phosphate is something that is both in DNA and RNA

32
Q

Define nitrogen base

A

a nitrogen base is the base a,t,c,or g

33
Q

Define guanine

A

Guanine is the base that pairs with cytosine

34
Q

Define adenine

A

Adenine is the base that pairs with thymine

35
Q

Define cytosine

A

CytOsine is the base that pairs up with guanine

36
Q

Define covalent bond

A

Above lent bond is the strongest bond

37
Q

Define pyrimidine

A

Pyramid new is the bases c,t

38
Q

Define purine

A

Purine are the bases a,g

39
Q

Define RNA

A

ribonucleic acid: any of a class of single-stranded molecules transcribed from DNA in the cell nucleus or in the mitochondrion or chloroplast, containing along the strand a linear sequence of nucleotide bases that is complementary to the DNA strand from which it is transcribed: the composition of the RNA molecule is identical with that of DNA except for the substitution of the sugar ribose for deoxyribose and the substitution of the nucleotide base uracil for thymine.

40
Q

Define m RNA

A

Messenger RNA is the RNA that takes messages to other parts on the cell

41
Q

Define tRNA

A

Transfer RNA transfers thing

42
Q

Define rRNA

A

The RNA that is a permanent structural part of a ribosome. Also called ribosomal RNA.

43
Q

Define uracil

A

Uracil is something that has RNA has but DNA does not have

44
Q

Define ribose

A

Ribose is the sugar in RNA

45
Q

Define replication fork

A

Replication fork is when the DNA strands split apart

46
Q

Define helicase

A

any of the enzymes that use the energy derived from the hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates to unwind the double-stranded helical structure of nucleic acids: RNA and DNA helicases.

47
Q

Define polymerase

A

any of several enzymes that catalyze the formation of a long-chain molecule by linking smaller molecular units, as nucleotides with nucleic acids.

Biology (5 decks)

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