Biology Semester 2 Flashcards
Define replication fork
a Y-shaped part of a chromosome that is the site for DNA strand separation and then duplication
Define replication
Genetics. the process by which double-stranded DNA makes copies of itself, each strand, as it separates, synthesizing a complementary strand.
Define helicase
any of the enzymes that use the energy derived from the hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates to unwind the double-stranded helical structure of nucleic acids
Define polymers
any of several enzymes that catalyze the formation of a long-chain molecule by linking smaller molecular units, as nucleotides with nucleic acids.
Define protein synthesis
the process by which amino acids are linearly arranged into proteins through the involvement of ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, messenger RNA, and various enzymes.
Define codon
a triplet of adjacent nucleotides in the messenger RNA chain that codes for a specific amino acid in the synthesis of a protein molecule.
Translation
the state of being translated.
Define transcription
the arrangement of a composition for a medium other than that for which it was originally written.
Define termination signal
A termination signal is found at the end of the part of the chromosome being transcribed during transcription of mRNA.
Define anticodon
A sequence of three nucleotides in a region of transfer RNA that recognizes a complementary coding triplet of nucleotides in messenger RNA during translation by the ribosomes in protein biosynthesis.
Define operator
It is something that operates something to happen
Define promotors
Promoters are the things that tell people what is good for them. They tell good things about their product or item to try to sell them to you
Define exons
any portion of an interrupted gene that is represented in the RNA product and is translated into protein.
Define introns
Compare exon a stretch of DNA that interrupts a gene and does not contribute to the specification of a protein
Define point mutation
a change in a single base in a nucleotide sequence.
Define rameshift
the addition or deletion of one or more nucleotides in a strand of DNA, which shifts the codon triplets of the genetic code of messenger RNA and causes a misreading during translation, resulting in an aberrant protein and therefore a mutation.
Define substitution
a person or thing acting or serving in place of another.
Define mutation
an individual, species, or the like, resulting from such a departure.
Define insertion
the manner or place of attachment, as of an organ.
Define deletion
The act of deleting something from something
Define mutagen
a substance or preparation capable of inducing mutation.
Define universal code
A code that is used for everything
Define DNA
DNA is the code that everyone has in their body
Define double helix
A double helix is the shape that DNA makes
