Chpter 18~ 19 `20 Quiz 4 Flashcards
chapter 18~19
Many animal viruses acquire a__________ by budding ?
A. lysogen
B. Alu element
C. cell wall
D. membranous envelope
E. mutant tumor suppressor protein
membranous envelope
chapter 18~19
The chain terminatiing group on a ddNTP used in Sanger sequencing is _______ ?
A. 2’-H
B. 5’-phosphate
C. 5’- bisphospate
D. 3’- H
E. 3’- OH
3’- H
Chapter 18~19
Tobacco mosaic disease is caused by a _______ agent than other pathogens known at the time ?
A. more virulent
B. larger
C. less hydrophilic
D. smaller
E. less virulent
smaller
Chapter 18~19
Explain “Prions” term of three definition
- slow manifesting brain diseases
- scrapie in sheep, mad cow disease, creutzfeldt-jakob desease.
- No virion , No viral genome
Chapter 18~19
Antibody response with what disease ?
- Viral diseases
* New viral diseases
Chapter 18~19
Viral disease and New viral disease define explain
- Viral : small isolated population can emerge
- New: can emerge when viruses spread from animals to humans
Chapter 18~19
For “vitro sequencing” , use ddNs or ddNTPS ?
ddNTPS
Chapter 18~19
For “anti-virals” , use ddNs or ddNTPS ?
ddNs
Chapter 18~19
Anti-virals definition
Can cross the cell membrane, phosphorylated by intracellular enzymes.
Chapter 18~19
3’- dideoxies definition
used for Sanger sequencing
Chapter 18~19
Nucleoside RT ( NRTIs) definition
chain terminators becuase of a substitution at the 3’ postion, replacing 3’OH
Chapter 18~19
“Proviral “ definition
- Into to genome
- provirus resides in the host genome
- replicates along with chromosomal DNA every S phase.
Chapter 18~19
Rereoviruses
use reverse transcriptase to copy their RNA genome into DNA
Chapter 18~19
Proviral DNA
integrates into host chromosome ( akin to prophage DNA of temperate
Chapter 18~19
What is HIV1 ?
The retrovirus that cause AIDS
Chapter 18~19
The lysogenic cycle
- the genome of a temperate phage replicated without destroying the host cell
- they into the host chromosome via a circular DNA prophage intermediate
- have temperate phage
Chapter 18~19
The Cytic Cycle
- kill the host ccell
- produces new phage and lyses( breaks open ) the host cell wall
- virulent phage
- bacteria have defenses against phage infection including restriction enzymes.
Chapter 18~19
Prophage is integrated viral DNA and what else can respond ?
- can rest dormant as infected host cells propagate
- copy along with host genome , pass on to daughter cells
Chapter 18~19
viral envelopes
capsids of influenza viruses and animal
Chapter 18~19
temperate phage
can progressby two different pathways, lytic and lysogenic
Chapter 18~19
Bacteriophages also call phages
viruses that infect bacteria
Chapter 18~19
the protein sheel that enclosesmthe viral genome
capsid
Chapter 18~19
Describe two type of variation in influenza virus, which one is more important for developing an effective vaccine and why ?
Two type of variation
antigenic drift is can lead to changes in the surface proteins of the virus, HA and NA.
antigenic shift generates viruses with entirely new antigens
antigenic shift is important because can result in a new flu A subtype infecting people for the first time
Chapter 18~19
why are the NRTIs developed as HIV 1 antivitals nucleoside analogs while the chain teminators use for sanger sequencing are nucleotide analogs ?
NRTI is can inhibit the reverse transcriptase enzyme in HIV-1 replication.
Sanger sequencing are nucleotide analogs that lack a 3’-OH group
Chapter 18~19
lytic infection leads to a_____ of progeny virus at completion of an infection cycle ?
A. drift
B. dearth
C. burst
D. explosion
E. death
burst
Chapter 18~19
temperate phage can progress by two different pathways , which two ?
lytic and lysogenic
Chapter 18~19
A mail-in Covid-19 test uses what ?
A. microarray analysis
B. westerm blotting for viral DNA
C. RT-PCR
D. amniocentesis or chorionic villus biopsy
E. antibody detection of noodle protein
RT-PCR
Chapter 18~19
The minimum probe length required for reliable library screening is ________ nt.
A. 4
B. 4 to the 15 th power
C. 1kb, the resolution limit of sanger sequencing
D.15-20
E. 3 0000 0000
15-20
Chapter 18~19
How do protein kinases figures prominently in both proto-oncogene and tumor suppressor signaling pathways ?
protein kinases are “integral components” of both proto-oncogene and tumor suppressor signaling pathways.
it can phosphorylate proteins that promote cell cycle arrest.
