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Therapeutic Modalities (Lecture) > Chpt.3: *Ultrasound > Flashcards

Chpt.3: *Ultrasound Flashcards

1
Q

The negative pressure is called? (sound wave)

A

Rarefraction (pushing back from water)

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2
Q

What are the 2 modes of waves called?

A
  • Longitudinal (occur mostly in liquids)

- shear wave (occur mostly in solids)

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3
Q

What is the relationship between absorption and penetration is?

A

Inverse relationship

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4
Q

If the U.S. head is not moved, a ______wave could form?

A

Standing wave or Stationary wave

*tissue cells burning occurs

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5
Q

The range of therapeutic US in frequency is from __ MHZ to ___MHZ?

A

1-3 MHZ

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6
Q

Intensity (total power/sound) is measured in __ /cm2?

A

watts

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7
Q

**What is Cavitation?

A

The expansion and contraction of a molecule of air (gas bubble= expansion and contraction)

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8
Q

What are the settings most likely to decrease swelling?

A

very low intensity (ex. 1 mhz)

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9
Q

**How does U.S. act “non thermally”? (3)

A
  1. accoustic streaming,
  2. cavitation
  3. cell membrane effects (can’t live without ions)
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10
Q

What is the purpose of gel in US?

A
  • Decreases resistance
  • prevents a standing wave
  • improves penetration
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11
Q

What is the frequency for superficial US?

A

3 MHZ

Superficial=High

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12
Q

What is a likely power for heating?

A

high power

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13
Q

What is an example of non-ionizing radiation?

A

Anything under ultraviolet B:

  • infrared radiation
  • invisible light
  • radio,
  • microwave,
  • ultraviolet A,
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14
Q

Ionizing means:

A

there is enough energy inside of a photon to rip off /discharge an electron (an atom has lost an electron)= A FREE RADICAL – can lead to DNA Damage!!!

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15
Q

*What is a photon?

A

A particle of light that has NO MASS and NO CHARGE, but contains energy; nobody has ever seen one
-(they can affect change)

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16
Q

What is the type of radiation that can “tan” the skin?

A

Ultraviolet B

17
Q

What are (3) types of radiation from the sun?

A
  • Visible light (red/orange/yellow),
  • ultraviolet,
  • infrared light,
  • microwave light,
  • radio light,
  • X-rays,
  • gamma waves
18
Q

Which hormone regulates sleep cycle and has a major role in immunity?

A

Melatonin

19
Q

Aristotle detected that objects can be detected at a distance through amplification, and therefore water is an excellent ____ for sound

A

mediator

20
Q

What is the positive pressure called? (sound wave)

A

Compression (pushing against wave)

21
Q

**Describe how an Ultrasound works?

A

When using an ultrasound machine, a crystal in the head EXPANDS and CONTRACTS which causes the molecules in the tissue below to COMPRESS and DECOMPRESS.

(-When energy hits crystal, it goes the same direction, not into all different directions!!!)

22
Q

What does the Frequency of U.S. represent?

A

Depth of penedtraion

23
Q

high Frequency=

Low Frequency=

A
  • Superficial

- Deep

24
Q

What is the relative resistance of the medium to the Wave energy?

A

ACCOUSTIC resistance

25
Q

Why is bone easily targeted with ultrasound ?

A

because it has high ABSORPTIVE properties

26
Q

Why do we not want to refraction?

A

waves of the frequency add up, and therefore shatter the crystals and it overheats, and therefore also burns patient

27
Q

What is frequency

A

number of cycles per second

28
Q

The therapeutic US is in which range?

A

0.75- 3MHZ

29
Q

The frequency of ultrasound determines what?

A

the amount of absorption of energy in tissues

30
Q

How are waves transferred onto patients skin?

A

the metal head; it transmits waves from the crystal to the tissue

31
Q

What does the Spatial peak Intensity refer to?

A

maximum intensity appearing at any point in the beam

32
Q

You cannot effectively radiate more than how many more times than the U.S. head?

A

2 times

33
Q

What happens with unstable cavitation?

A

production of small vapor-containing bubbles or cavities in a liquid or tissue by ultrasound

34
Q

Periosteum, scar tissue, and capsules all retain more heat than fat/blood because?

A

dense tissue retains more heat

35
Q

What is accoustic streaming?

A

movement of gas bubles

36
Q

How is there improved healing of muscle due to U.S.?

A

-protein synthesis-> collagen is produced, which speeds up tissue healing

37
Q

What are some other effects of U.S. Non-thermally? (3)

A
  1. Protein synthesis
  2. Angiogenesis (beginning more blood to area)
  3. Wound contraction
38
Q

What are some contraindications for Ultrasound?

A
  1. On/near CANCER
  2. Low back or abdomen of a pregnant female
  3. Eyes and gonads
  4. Over pacemakers
  5. Compromised sensation prior to heating
39
Q

What are the standard times for treatment heating tissue?

A

15 min.

Therapeutic Modalities (Lecture) (9 decks)

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