CHPT 9

Question 1

Ivan Sechenov (1829-1905)

Answer 1

Argued that every behavior, no matter how complex, can be broken down into simple reflexes

Question 2

Ivan Sechenov (1829-1905)

Answer 2

Presented the possibility that human psychology could be understood in terms of the activity of the nervous system

Question 3

Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)

Answer 3

Russian physiologist who discovered the conditioned reflex

Question 4

Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)

Answer 4

father of classical conditioning

Question 5

Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)

Answer 5

Conducted research in the digestive system; focused on salivation

Question 6

psychic secretion

Answer 6

salivation at the expectation of food

Question 7

artificial conditioned reflex

Answer 7

any stimulus could elicit psychic secretion as long as the animal had learned to associate it with food

Question 8

Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934)

Answer 8

Russian psychologist who emphasized the role of culture and social interaction in cognitive development

Question 9

Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934)

Answer 9

Developed the sociocultural theory of cognitive development

Question 10

Zone of proximal development (ZPD

Answer 10

the difference between a child’s actual behavior and behavior with an adults help.

Question 11

scaffolding

Answer 11

teaching style in which adults adjust the amount of assistance that they offer based on the learner’s needs

Question 12

guided participation

Answer 12

process by which children learn from others who guide their experiences