CHPT 15 Flashcards
humanistic psychology
view that humans have an innate drive to grow toward fulfilling their potential in life
why does humanistic psychology differ from psychoanalysis and bhvrism?
- Validated individual’s subjective experiences
- Shifted focus of psychotherapy to caring about psychological health
- Emphasized aspects if human beings which distinguish us from other species
carl rodgers
American psychologist who was a founder of humanistic psychology movement and proposed client-centered therapy
carl Rodgers
wrote counseling and psychotherapy (1942) and client-centered therapy (1951)
client-centered therapy: non-directive therapy
never tells the client what to do, non-judgmental, focuses on the present, goal is to help client develop self-understanding and self-acceptance, therapist has empathy and unconditional positive regard
Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)
American psychologist who proposed a hierarchy of needs model and the concept of self-actualization
Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)
Wrote theory of human motivation (1943)
hierarchy of needs
more basic needs will dominate a person’s thoughts and feelings until they are met, at which point higher needs will emerge
self-actualized individuals
fulfilled, comfortable with themselves, productive, accept themselves, see positive potential in themselves
Erik Erikson
German-American psychologist who maintained that development is a life-long process
erik Erikson
Proposed there were eight universal stages during the lifespan of psychosocial development
psychosocial stages of development
Each stage represents a crisis, a turning point in life that will set the direction for future personality development
trust vs. mistrust
birth to 23 months
- if they can trust their caregivers, they can learn to trust other people. If not, they will not be able to trust other people
early childhood to school years
more independence and more decision making
integrity vs despair
do you look back on your life with pleasure?
generatively vs stagnation
mentoring children, giving back to others, mentoring employees
intimacy vs isolation
could you find a romantic spouse?
Lawrence Kohlberg
American psychologist who proposed a cognitive theory of moral development
Lawrence Kohlberg
For his dissertation, he employed Piaget’s clinical method
80 plus boys presented with series of vignettes containing moral dilemmas and asked about the actions
He then used probing questions to get at the underlying reasoning for these responses
preconventional level of moral development
avoid punishment
conventional level of moral development
not concerned with yourself, but concerned with how you are seen by family and friends
will make certain decisions to be thought of as a good boy/good girl
post conventional level
accept what society has decided in it’s democratic process but if you think it is unethical then you can change it
- knowing everything is your own conscious
carol Gilligan (1936)
The American psychologist who challenged Kohlberg’s theory of moral development
Gilligan’s experiment
Abstract vignettes
She interviewed women who were thinking about an abortion and ask what they would want to do
carol gilligan
believed that men and women make real life moral decisions, they tend to think of impact of their decisions on relationships and the needs of all the parties involved
