chpt 7 bio Flashcards
population ecology
the branch of biology that deals with the number of individuals of a particular species found in an area and why those numbers increase or decrease over time
growth rate (R)
the rate of change (increase or decrease) of a populations size, expressed in percentage per year
biotic potential
the maximum rate at which a population could increase under ideal conditions
exponential population growth
the accelerating population growth that occurs when optimal conditions allow a constant reproductive rate
carrying capacity (k)
the largest population a particular environment can support sustainably (long term), if there are no changes in that environment
zero population growth
the state in which the population remains the same size because the birth rate equals the death rate
infant mortality rate
the number of deaths of infants under age 1 per 1,000 live births
replacement- level fertility
the number of children a couple must produce to “replace” themselves
total fertility rate
the average number of children born to each women
demographic transition
the process whereby a country moves from relatively high birth and death rates to relatively low birth and death rates
age structure
the number and proportion of people at each age in a population
urbanization
a process whereby people move from rural areas to densly populated cities
compact development
design of cities in which tall, multiple unit residential buildings are close to shopping and jobs, and all are connected by public transportation
J curve
exponential growth,it is when population size increases at constant rate because everyone has access to abundant food (ideal conditions of living)
S curve
logistic growth … it is when the rate of the population slows down as it reaches the carrying capacity (when the environment cant longer handle the number of species)
