Chpt. 4 Toxicity of Pesticides Flashcards
____ is the capacity of a substance to injure or poison a living system, such as a human being, and animal, a lake, or a forest.
Toxicity
What is pesticide exposure?
Coming in contact with a pesticide
____ _____ refers to how poisonous a pesticide is after short-term exposure.
Acute toxicity
___ ___ is a on-time or short term contact with pesticide.
Acute exposure
___ ___ is a delayed poisonous effect from exposure to a substance.
Chronic toxicity
___ ___ is longer term repeated contact with pesticides.
Chronic exposure
The effects of which type of exposure can be more easily detected and studies.?
Acute
A pesticide dose is the ___ of pesticide to which a surface, plant or animal is exposed.
Amount
Name the Three routes by which pesticide can enter the body.
Dermal, oral and inhalation
Some pesticides are poisonous no matter how they enter the body/
True or False.
True
Which pesticide solution is most likely to be absorbed through the skin?
Oil-based
Which areas of the body absorb pesticides quickly?
Eyes, ears, scalp and genitals
Which two routes of entry are likely to be most important to you?
Dermal and inhalation.
Which factor affects the toxicity of a pesticide?
Route of entry
Frequency and duration of exposure
Dose received
An example of a chronic effect is the drop in ___, an essential body enzyme, cause by organophosphates and carbamates.
Cholinesterase
___ effects occur at the site of contact with a pesticide while ___ effects occur away from the point f contact.
Local
Systemic
Skin rash, nausea, eye irritation, and dizziness are examples of ___ toxic effects.
Reversible
LD50 means ‘Leathal Dose Fifty’. it Refers to the amount of a chemical that kills ___ the animals exposed to it in a laboratory test.
half (50)%
The smaller the LD50 value, the less chemical required to be fatal, so the more poisonous the pesticide.
True or False
True
Acute oral toxicity and acute dermal toxicity are measure as LD50. The higher the LD50 the ___ (more or less) toxic the pesticide.
Less
How is LD50 used?
LD50 is used with other tests to place pesticides in a ‘toxic category’ and give them a ‘signalword’
LC50 means ‘Lethal ___ Fifty’. It refers to the amount of chemical in the air that caused half of the test animal s to die when they inhaled it.
Concentration
What signal word must be on the label for pesticides classifies as ‘relatively non-toxic’?
CAUTION!
Six milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) is equal to ___ parts per million.
6
What signal word must be on the label for pesticides classifies as ‘highly toxic’?
DANGER!
What signal word must be on the label for pesticides classifies as ‘Slightly toxic’?
CAUTION!
What signal word must be on the label for pesticides classifies as ‘Moderately toxic’?
WARNING!
The toxicity of a substance is its ability to cause injury, while ___ is the risk or chance that harm will come from using the pesticide.
Hazard
Is a highly toxic material always very hazardous?
No, if a highly toxic material is handled properly it could actually pose low risk or hazard.
