Chpt. 3

Question 0

Zygote

Answer 0

Sperm+Egg: 46 chromosomes 23 from mom + dad

Question 1

3 prenatal Development periods

Answer 1

1. Germinal: 0-9 days lining of uterus, Stem cells
2. Embryonic Period: 10 days- 8 weeks major organs take place
3. Fetal Period: 8 weeks- Birth until 9th week after conception(hardening of bone, until birth, organs independent)

Question 2

Conception

Answer 2

Fertilization; sperm in egg

Question 3

Implantation

Answer 3

Developing organism attaches to Uterus

Question 4

Differentiation

Answer 4

Cells become Organs; 3 layers form

• Outer skin, teeth, nervous system: ECTODERM
• Muscles, bones, Circulation: MESODERM
• Digestive system, lungs: ENDODERM

Question 5

Fetal Activity

Answer 5

fetus moving, kicking

Question 6

Apgar Scale

Answer 6

Rate babies at 1 minute and again at 5 minutes after birth using five vital signs;

• Heart Rate
• Respiratory Effort
• Muscle Tone
• Reflex Responsitivity
• Color
  0: absent, 1 Slow, 2 good/active

Question 7

Gestational Age

Answer 7

Amount of time since Conception.

Question 8

Average Birth Weight Range

Answer 8

6-10 lbs.

Question 9

Prematurity/ Low Birth Weight

Answer 9

More than 3 weeks Early
-death, illness, (lungs, digestion, immunity delayed)
LONG TERM: maintaining attention, visual/motor coord, undev brain, less smart, poor motor conditions

Question 10

Maternal Attitude, stress, nutrition

Answer 10

Stress-adrenaline, cortisol(sad)

Risks baby: low birth weight, premature, higher Cortisol(aggression)

Question 11

Teratogens

Answer 11

Environmental Factor that disrupt prenatal development
-when exposed
-Individual Vulnerability
-Mothers Physiology
-Concentration
ex. Toxins, diseases, drugs even death
Prenatal death, embyonic period; structual abnormalities, Fetal: physiological deffects 7 minor strctural abnormalities

Question 12

Fetal Alcoholic Syndrome

Answer 12

small head, undeveloped brain, eye abnormality, heart disease, malformation of face

Question 13

6 Principles of Prenatal dev

Answer 13

1. Sequence is Fundamental-one cell at a time
2. Timing is Crucial to Dev
3. dev consists of differentiation and integration-cells grow and change
4. Dev proceeds unevenly-dev at own rates; physical cephalcodle
5. Dev Characterized by changes in form of organism and interaction with envoirnment
6. Dev is Epigenetic (phenotypic form can change due to env interactions, enhance Dev)

Question 14

Cultural Variation in child birth

Answer 14

Different ways people give birth; ex Mother may give birth unassisted in dirty place because believe fluids are pollutants.

Question 15

Medical Interventions in child birth

Answer 15

• Pain relivers:drugs
• c section (infection, longer healing, seperate from new born)
• baby: Infection and Asthma

Question 16

Cultural expectations

Answer 16

gender, capabilities, life path