Chpt 3 Flashcards
The shoulder consists of two anatomical structures; what are they?
Shoulder Girdle and Shoulder Joint
The shoulder girdle consists of what two bones?
Clavicle and Scapula
How is the shoulder joint formed?
Scapula and Humerus
What is the primary function of the shoulder girdle?
To accommodate the movement of the shoulder joint
What is often referred to as the collarbone?
The clavicle
What is the only bony attachment that has a trunk in the upper extremity?
The clavicle
What is the most often fractured bone and why?
The clavicle because it is held only by ligaments on the ends of the clavicle. Has no reinforcements
What is the lateral end of the clavicle called? and the medial end??
Acromial end; Sternal end
What are the superior bony landmarks of the clavicle?
Conoid tubercle and deltoid tubercle
What are the inferior bony landmarks of the clavicle?
Trapezoid line, coastal tuberosity, and the sub clavicle groove
What can be referred to as the shoulder blade?
The scapula
A glenoid fossa can be defined as?
A smooth slightly depressed surface on the scapula
Where is the articulation of the shoulder joint at?
Between the Scapula and humerus
Where can the glenohumeral joint be located at?
On the shoulder joint between the humerus and scapula
Where is the anatomical neck located at?
Between the head of the humerus and the greater/lesser tuberosities
What groove does the greater and lesser tuberosities make?
The intertubercular (bicitipal) groove
What two joints does the shoulder girdle have?
The acromioclavicular (AC) joint and the sternoclavicular (SC) joint
What does the lateral end of the clavicle articulate with?
The acromion and coracoid process of the scapula
The conoid and trapezius ligaments can be referred to as?
A single ligament named coracoclavicular ligament
What movements does the trapezoid ligament oppose?
Forward, upward, and lateral aspect of the clavicle
What movements does the conoid ligament oppose?
Backward, upward, and medial aspect of the clavicle
What will happen at the loss of the coracoclavicular ligament?
The separation of upper extremities from the trunk of lower extremities.
What is shoulder separation?
A sprain in the acromioclavicular joint and coraco ligament that results in a visible gap between the clavicle and scapula.
What are the ligaments of the shoulder joint?
Capusalar, Glenohumeral, and coracohumeral
What does the acromioclavicular joint function as and what does it do?
A joint capsule which completely surrounds the acromion process of the scapula and the lateral end of the clavicle tying it together
What do ligaments do?
Tie bones together to articulate and run from one aspect of a bone to another.
What four ligaments on the scapula run from one aspect to another?
Superior Transverse Scapular, Inferior Transverse Scapular, Coracoacromial ligament, and Glen Lip
What is the glen lip also be known as?
Glenoid Labrum
Where is the transverse humeral ligament located? What does it do?
At the crossing of the intertubercular groove and it’s only job is to hold the tendon of origin of the long head bicep brachii
What is the primary function of the shoulder girdle?
To accommodate the shoulder joint by moving itself through the changing positions of the glenoid of the scapula
What are the four fundamental movements of the shoulder girdle? What can they be defined as?
Elevation (superior-upward mvt)
Depression (Inferior-downward mvt)
Abduction (Upward rotation & lat tilt of scapula)
Adduction (Downward rotation & medial tilt of scapula)
What is protraction and how does it happen?
It’s the tilting of the scapula as it glides along the chest on both sides of the scapula and it happens when hugging
What is retraction?
Its the medial tilting of the scapula as it glides along the curvature of the chest
What are the posterior muscles of the shoulder girdles?
Levator scapulae, rhomboids, and trapezuis
What are the anterior muscles of the shoulder girdle?
Pectoralis Minor, serratus anterior, and subclavius
What can the glenohumeral joint be classified as and why?
A triaxial joint because of the movement in all three cardinal planes (Flexion, Extension, Abduction)
How many major muscles function to accomplish the six fundamental movements of the shoulder joints?
11;
Four- anterior
two- superior
three- inferior
What other two movements can the shoulder joint do?
Circumduction and hypertension
What are the anterior muscles of the shoulder joint?
Pectoralis Major, Coracobrachialis, Bicep Brachii, and Subscapularis
What are the superior muscles of the shoulder joint?
Deltoid, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, and teres minor
What four muscles create the rotator cuff?
Subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor
What are the inferior muscles of the shoulder joint?
Latissimus Dorsi, Teres Major, and Triceps brachii
What is known as the swimming muscle?
The latissimus dorsi
What is dislocation?
Bones of the joint are displaced
What are the three most common forms of glenohumeral dislocation?
Anterior (subcoracoid),Posterior (subspinous), and downward (subglenoid)
What is the most common form of shoulder dislocation which results from?
Anterior Dislocation that result from excessive abduction and external rotation of the shoulder joint.
How does posterior (subspinous) dislocations happen?
excessive internal rotation and adduction of the shoulder joint
How does downward (subglenoid) dislocation happen?
Excessive shoulder joint abduction with the humerus abutting the acromion process and head of the humerus being forced downward
What is the scapulohumeral rhythm?
the ratio of the glenohumeral movement to the scapulothoracic movement during arm elevation
