Chpt 26 Metabolism

Question 1

three possible outcomes for digested food molecules absorbed by the
gastrointestinal tract:

Answer 1

supply energy
serve as building blocks stored for future use

Question 1

metabolism

Answer 1

All chemical reactions occurring in body

Question 2

Catabolism

Answer 2

break down complex molecules

Exergonic – produce more energy than they consume

Question 3

example of catabolism

Answer 3

 Ex. breaking down food molecules

Question 4

Anabolism

Answer 4

combine simple molecules into complex ones

Endergonic – consume more energy than they produce

Question 5

example of anabolism

Answer 5

Creating complex molecules (proteins, glycogen

Question 6

anabolic reactions transfer energy from

Answer 6

ATP to complex molecules

Question 7

catabolic reactions transfer energy from

Answer 7

complex molecules to ATP

Question 8

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 8

ADP + P + energy= ATP

Removal of P from ATP releases energy

Question 9

Oxidation

Answer 9

removal of electrons
Decrease in potential energy

Question 10

Dehydrogenation

Answer 10

removal of hydrogens

Question 11

Liberated hydrogen transferred by

Answer 11

coenzymes

Question 12

NAD+ (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)

Answer 12

NADH + H+ NAD+ + 2 H+ + 2e-

Question 13

FAD (Flavin adenine dinucleotide)
FADH2

Answer 13

FAD + 2 H+ + 2e-
Glucose is oxidize

Question 14

Reduction

Answer 14

addition of electrons

Increase in potential energy

NADH, FADH2
“LEO says GER”

Question 15

Phosphorlyation

Answer 15

= addition of phosphate groups

Question 16

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Answer 16

Transferring high-energy phosphate group from
an intermediate directly to ADP

 (ie. creatine phosphate)

Question 17

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 17

Remove electrons and pass them through
electron transport chain to oxygen

Question 18

Photophosphorylation

Answer 18

Only in chlorophyll-containing plant cells

Question 19

Fate of glucose depends on needs of body
cells

Answer 19

ATP production

synthesis of amino acids, glycogen, or triglycerides

Question 20

GluT transporters bring

Answer 20

glucose into the cell
via facilitated diffusion

Question 21

cellular respiration

Answer 21

A) Glycolysis
-Anaerobic respiration – does not require
oxygen

B) Formation of acetyl coenzyme A

C) Krebs cycle reactions

D) Electron transport chain reactions
-Aerobic respiration – requires oxygen

Question 22

glycolysis

Answer 22

Splits 6-carbon glucose into 2 3-carbon
molecules of pyruvic acid

Consumes 2 ATP but generates 4 ATP

Question 23

If oxygen is scarce (anaerobic)

Answer 23

reduced to lactic acid

Question 24

If oxygen is plentiful (aerobic)

Answer 24

converted to acetyl
coenzyme A

Question 25

cellular respiration begins with

Answer 25

glycolysis

Question 26

The Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle)

Question 27

where does the krebs cycle occur

Answer 27

Occurs in matrix of mitochondria

Question 28

krebs cycle

Answer 28

Series of redox reactions

2 decarboxylation reactions release CO2

Reduced coenzymes (NADH and FADH2) are
the most important outcome

Reduced = gain electrons

One molecule of ATP generated by substrate-
level phosphorylation

Question 29

electron transport chain

Answer 29

Series of electron carriers in inner mitochondrial
membrane reduced and oxidized (cytochromes)

Question 30

electron transport chain process

Answer 30

As electrons pass through chain, the H+ gradient
is used to form ATP (ATP synthase)

Need H+ and ADP
Called Chemiosmosis

Final electron acceptor is oxygen to form water

Question 31

how many ATP in total

Answer 31

32 per glucose molecule

Question 32

glycogenesis =

Answer 32

glucose storage

Question 33

glycogenolysis =

Answer 33

glucose release

Question 34

gluconeogenesis =

Answer 34

formation of glucose from proteins and fats