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Unit 4 > Chpt 25 Digestive Anatomy And Psyciology > Flashcards

Chpt 25 Digestive Anatomy And Psyciology Flashcards

1
Q

List the digestive organs

A

Gastrointestinal tract (alimentary canal)

Accessory organs

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2
Q

What are the accessory organs

A

Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Aid in chemical and mechanical digestion

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3
Q

What are the organs in the gastrointestinal tract

A

Mouth, most of pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Pathway for food

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4
Q

6 functions of digestive system

A

Ingestion

Secretion (of water acids, buffers and enzymes into lumen)

Mixing and propulsion

Digestion (chemical digestion-hydrolysis) (mechanical Digestion churns food)

Absorption (passing into blood or lymph)

Defecation (elimination of feces)

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5
Q

4 layers that make up the walls of the organs in the Gi tract

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa

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6
Q

Mucosa

A

inner lining

Epithelium protection, secretion, absorption

Lamina propria – connective tissue with blood and
lymphatic vessels and mucosa-associated lymphatic
tissue (MALT)

Muscularis mucosae – thin layer of smooth muscle
making folds to increase surface area

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7
Q

Submucosa

A

Connective tissue binding mucosa to muscularis

Contains many blood and lymphatic vessels

Submucosal plexus

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8
Q

Muscularis (externa)

A

Voluntary skeletal muscle found in mouth, pharynx, upper
2/3 of esophagus, and anal sphincter

Involuntary smooth muscle elsewhere

-Arranged in inner circular fibers and outer longitudinal fibers
-Myenteric plexus between muscle layers

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9
Q

Serosa

A

Outermost covering of organs suspended in
abdominopelvic cavity

Also called visceral peritoneum

Adventitia- Pharynx, esophagus, rectum lacks serosa

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10
Q

Enteric nervous system (ENS)

A

branch of PNS

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11
Q

Enteric nervous system (ENS) is Intrinsic set of nerves

A
  • “brain of gut”

Neurons extending from esophagus to anus

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12
Q

2 plexuses of PNS

A

Myenteric plexus – GI tract motility

Submucosal plexus – controlling secretions

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13
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Extrinsic set of nerves

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14
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation

A

increases secretion and
activity by stimulating ENS

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15
Q

Sympathetic stimulation

A

decreases secretions and
activity by inhibiting ENS

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16
Q

peritoneum

A

Largest serous membrane of the body

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17
Q

peritoneum divided into

A

Parietal peritoneum – lines wall of cavity

Visceral peritoneum – covers some organs
Also called serosa

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18
Q

space between is called

A

peritoneal cavity

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19
Q

5 major peritoneal folds

A

Greater omentum, falciform ligament, lesser omentum, mesentery, and mesocolon

Weave between viscera binding organs together

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20
Q

Lesser omentum

A

attaches stomach to liver

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21
Q

greater omentum

A

covers small intestines like an apron

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22
Q

Mesentery of small intestines holds

A

many blood vessels

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23
Q

Mesocolon anchors

A

colon to posterior
body wall

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24
Q

the mouth is

A

the oral or buccal cavity

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25
Q

Oral or buccal cavity
is Formed by

A

cheeks, hard and sot palates, and
tongue

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26
Q

Oral cavity proper is a

A

space that extends from
gums and teeth to fauces (opening between oral
cavity and oropharynx

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27
Q

Salivary glands release

A

saliva

28
Q

Ordinarily just enough saliva is secreted to keep mouth and pharynx

A

moist and clean

29
Q

When food enters mouth,

A

secretion increases to lubricate,
dissolve and begin chemical digestion

30
Q

3 pairs of major salivary glands secrete

A

most of the saliva
 Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual
Smaller intrinsic glands also in oral tissues

31
Q

Salivary amylase1

A

breaks down carbohydrates

32
Q

saliva is mostly

A

water 99.5
0.5% solutes- – ions, dissolved gases, urea, uric acid,
mucus, immunoglobulin A (IgA), lysozyme, and
 Salivary amylase1

33
Q

Salivation is Controlled by

A

autonomic nervous system

34
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation promotes

A

secretion of moderate
amount of saliva

35
Q

Sympathetic stimulation

A

decreases salivation

36
Q

the tongue

A

is an accessory organ

37
Q

the tongue does what

A

Maneuvers food for chewing, shapes mass, forces food
back for swallowing

38
Q

Lingual glands secrete

A

lingual lipase2

39
Q

the tongue has papillae,

A

which is held by the lingual frenulum

40
Q

teeth are an

A

Accessory digestive
organ - mechanical

41
Q

3 major regions of teeth

A

crown root an neck

42
Q

Mechanical digestion in the mouth

A

Chewing or mastication

Food manipulated by tongue, ground by teeth, and mixed with saliva

Forms bolus

43
Q

Chemical digestion in the mouth

A

Salivary amylase1 secreted by salivary glands

44
Q

Lingual lipase2 secreted by

A

lingual glands of tongue acts on triglycerides

45
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Functions only in respiration

46
Q

Oropharynx

A

Digestive and respiratory functions

47
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

Digestive and respiratory functions

48
Q

Esophagus

A

mucous, transports food – no enzymes no absorpton

49
Q

2 sphincters are

A

upper esophageal sphincter (UES) regulates
movement into esophagus,

lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
regulates movement into stomach

50
Q

deglutition

A

Act of swallowing, swallowing center-medulla oblongata

 Facilitated by secretions of saliva and mucus

51
Q

deglutition involves

A

mouth, pharynx, and esophagus

52
Q

3 stages of deglutition

A

Oral / Voluntary – bolus passed to oropharynx

Pharyngeal – involuntary passage through pharynx into esophagus

Esophageal – involuntary passage through esophagus to
stomach

Peristalsis pushes bolus forward

53
Q

the stomach serves as

A

mixing chamber (mechanical) and holding
reservoir

54
Q

4 main regions of stomach

A

Cardia, fundus, body, pylorus

55
Q

3 types of exocrine gland cells produce

A

gastric juice

-mucous neck cells
-parietal cells (intrinsic factor and HCl)
-chief cells (pepsinogen3 and gastric lipase4)
-G cell – endocrine cell – secretes gastrin

56
Q

Mechanical digestion in stomach

A

Mixing waves – gentle, rippling peristaltic movements – creates
chyme

57
Q

Chemical digestion in stomach

A

Digestion by salivary amylase continues until inactivated by
acidic gastric juice

58
Q

Pancreatic juice secreted

A

into pancreatic duct and
accessory duct and to small intestine

59
Q

99% of cells are

A

acini (exocrine)

60
Q

1% of cells are

A

pancreatic islets (endocrine)

61
Q

pancreatic juice produces

A

200-1500ml daily

62
Q

the liver is

A

heaviest gland on body

63
Q

Hepatocytes secrete

A

500-1000mL of bile daily

64
Q

small intestine parts

A

3 regions – duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

65
Q

large intestine function

A

complete absorption, produce
certain vitamins, and form and expel feces

66
Q

4 main regions of large intestine

A

Cecum

colon (ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

Rectum with anal canal

67
Q

function of liver

A

to make and secrete bile and to process and purify the blood containing newly absorbed nutrients that are coming from the small intestine

Unit 4 (3 decks)

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