Chpt. 2 Vocab Flashcards
the basic unit of matter
atom
dissolving substance in a solution
solvent
attraction between molecules of the same substance
cohesion
compound that prevents sharp sudden changes in pH
buffer
small chemical unit that makes up polymer
monomer
molecule composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules
polymer
compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and, oxygen atoms; types of nutrients that are the major source of energy to the body
carbohydrate
macromolcule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and, waxes
lipid
subunit of which nucleic acids are composed; made up of a 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
nucleotide
atom that has a positive or negative charge
ion
mixture of water and non-dissolved material
suspension
scale with values from 0 to 14, used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in a solution; a pH of 0 to 7 is acidic, a pH of 7 is neutral, and a 7 to 14 is basic
pH scale
macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
nucleic acid
types of bond between atoms in which the electrons are shared
covalent bond
smallest unit of most compounds that displays all the properties of that compound
molecule
light attraction that devolps between oppositely charged regions nearby molecules
van der waals force
material composed of 2 or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined
mixture
weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom
hydrogen bond
the center of an atom, which contains the protons and neutrons
nucleus
type of mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed
solution
negatively charged article; located in the space surrounding the nucleus
electron
macromolecules containing nitrogen ad well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
proteins
pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom
element
compounds with an amino group (-NH2) on one end and a carboxly group (-COOH) on the other end
amino acids
substance that is dissolved in a solution
solute
process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals
chemical reaction
elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction
reactant
one of several types of single element, which contains the same number of protons different number of neutrons
isotope
substance formed by the chemical combination of 2 or more elements indefinite proportions
compound
chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
ionic bond
biological catalysts, and most enzymes are proteins
enzymes
compound that forms hydrogen ion (H+) in solution; a solution with a pH of less that 7
acid
compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution; solution with a pH of more than 7
base
reactants of enzymes - catalyzed reactants
substrates
force of attraction between different kinds of molecules
adhesion
elements or compounds produced by chemical reactions
product
energy input that is needed for a reaction to begin
activation energy
the substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed by the reaction
catalyst
