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Living Environment > Chpt. 2 Vocab > Flashcards

Chpt. 2 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

the basic unit of matter

A

atom

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2
Q

dissolving substance in a solution

A

solvent

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3
Q

attraction between molecules of the same substance

A

cohesion

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4
Q

compound that prevents sharp sudden changes in pH

A

buffer

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5
Q

small chemical unit that makes up polymer

A

monomer

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6
Q

molecule composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules

A

polymer

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7
Q

compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and, oxygen atoms; types of nutrients that are the major source of energy to the body

A

carbohydrate

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8
Q

macromolcule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and, waxes

A

lipid

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9
Q

subunit of which nucleic acids are composed; made up of a 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

A

nucleotide

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10
Q

atom that has a positive or negative charge

A

ion

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11
Q

mixture of water and non-dissolved material

A

suspension

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12
Q

scale with values from 0 to 14, used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in a solution; a pH of 0 to 7 is acidic, a pH of 7 is neutral, and a 7 to 14 is basic

A

pH scale

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13
Q

macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus

A

nucleic acid

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14
Q

types of bond between atoms in which the electrons are shared

A

covalent bond

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15
Q

smallest unit of most compounds that displays all the properties of that compound

A

molecule

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16
Q

light attraction that devolps between oppositely charged regions nearby molecules

A

van der waals force

17
Q

material composed of 2 or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined

A

mixture

18
Q

weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom

A

hydrogen bond

19
Q

the center of an atom, which contains the protons and neutrons

A

nucleus

20
Q

type of mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed

A

solution

21
Q

negatively charged article; located in the space surrounding the nucleus

A

electron

22
Q

macromolecules containing nitrogen ad well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

A

proteins

23
Q

pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

A

element

24
Q

compounds with an amino group (-NH2) on one end and a carboxly group (-COOH) on the other end

A

amino acids

25
Q

substance that is dissolved in a solution

A

solute

26
Q

process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals

A

chemical reaction

27
Q

elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction

A

reactant

28
Q

one of several types of single element, which contains the same number of protons different number of neutrons

A

isotope

29
Q

substance formed by the chemical combination of 2 or more elements indefinite proportions

A

compound

30
Q

chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

A

ionic bond

31
Q

biological catalysts, and most enzymes are proteins

A

enzymes

32
Q

compound that forms hydrogen ion (H+) in solution; a solution with a pH of less that 7

A

acid

33
Q

compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution; solution with a pH of more than 7

A

base

34
Q

reactants of enzymes - catalyzed reactants

A

substrates

35
Q

force of attraction between different kinds of molecules

A

adhesion

36
Q

elements or compounds produced by chemical reactions

A

product

37
Q

energy input that is needed for a reaction to begin

A

activation energy

38
Q

the substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed by the reaction

A

catalyst

Living Environment (11 decks)

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