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Living Environment > chpt. 12 vocab > Flashcards

chpt. 12 vocab Flashcards

1
Q

scientific study of heredity

A

genetics

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2
Q

process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell

A

feretilization

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3
Q

specific characteristic of an individual

A

trait

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4
Q

offspring of crosses between parents with different traits

A

hybrids

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5
Q

sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait; factor that is passed from parent to offspring

A

genes

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6
Q

one of a number of different forms of a gene

A

alleles

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7
Q

Mendel’s second conclusion, which states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive

A

principle of dominance

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8
Q

separation of alleles during gamete formation

A

segregation

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9
Q

sex cell

A

gametes

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10
Q

likelihood that a particular event will occur

A

probability

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11
Q

having two identical alleles for a particular gene

A

homozygous

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12
Q

having two different alleles for a particular gene

A

heterozygous

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13
Q

physical characteristics of an organism

A

phenotype

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14
Q

genetic makeup of an organism

A

genotype

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15
Q

diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross

A

punnett square

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16
Q

one of Mendel’s principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes

A

independent assortment

17
Q

situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele

A

incomplete dominance

18
Q

situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are completely expressed

A

codominance

19
Q

a gene that has more than two alleles

A

multiple alleles

20
Q

trait controlled by two or more genes

A

polygenic trait

21
Q

term used to refer to chromosomes in which one set comes from the male parent and one set comes from the female parent

A

homologous

22
Q

term used to refer to a cell that contains two sets of homologous chromosomes

A

diploid

23
Q

term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of genes

A

haploid

24
Q

process in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell

A

meiosis

25
Q

structure containing four chromatids that forms during meiosis

A

tetrad

26
Q

process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis

A

crossing over

Living Environment (11 decks)

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