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Civics > Chpt 15 16 17 > Flashcards

Chpt 15 16 17 Flashcards

0
Q

Roman emperors would issue what which were commands that were equivalent to laws

A

Edicts

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1
Q

What was the first known system of written law

A

Code of Hammurabi

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2
Q

What are the legal decisions that become part of the common law

A

Precedents

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3
Q

Serious crimes with serious consequences are called

A

Felonies

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4
Q

If a person is injured because of another’s negligence the injured person can file a what action

A

Tort

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5
Q

What is the term for a law written by a legislative branch of government

A

Statute

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6
Q

What is the only crime defined by the constitution

A

Treason

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7
Q

The fifth amendment states that people may not be required to

A

Incriminate themselves

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8
Q

A what decides if there is sufficient evidence to formally charge a suspect

A

Grand jury

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9
Q

A what is a negotiation between the defense attorney and the prosecutor

A

Plea bargain

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10
Q

What are disagreements over non criminal matters

A

Civil disputes

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11
Q

What is the study of law

A

Jurisprudence

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12
Q

What is the term for law based on prior court decisions rather than on legal code

A

Common law

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13
Q

In criminal cases the government is always the

A

Plaintiff

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14
Q

In civil cases the person or group being sued is the

A

Defendant

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15
Q

Rights guaranteed under the constitution are considered part of what law

A

Public

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16
Q

What is a law that punishes an accused criminal without a trial or a fair hearing in court

A

Bill of attainder

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17
Q

Police may obtain a search warrant if they can prove they have

A

Probable cause

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18
Q

If a judge believes a person is interfering with the judicial process the judge may hold that person in

A

Contempt of court

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19
Q

In federal cases what juries must reach a unanimous verdict in order to convict or acquit

A

Petit

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20
Q

Which of the following is a court order that commands a person or group to stop a certain action

A

Injunction

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21
Q

A what is a formal statement naming the plaintiff and the defendant and describing the nature of the lawsuit

A

Complaint

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22
Q

Which of the following is a process by which each side can check facts and gather evidence before going to trial

A

Discovery

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23
Q

Who are people who act somewhat like a judge by reviewing cases and resolving the disputes

A

Arbitrators

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24
Q

Crimes and the punishments for them are spelled out in each states

A

Penal code

25
Q

What is given under an oath to tell the truth the whole truth and nothing but the truth

A

Testimony

26
Q

What means that the defendant does not admit guilt but will not fight the prosecutions case

A

No contest

27
Q

When the jury cannot reach a verdict the judge declares

A

A hung jury

28
Q

A young person under the age of adulthood who commits a crime is considered

A

A juvenile delinquent

29
Q

What is the term used to describe a jury made up of juveniles who hear a juvenile justice case

A

Peer jury

30
Q

The what is the Party bringing the lawsuit

A

Plaintiff

31
Q

A what is a document that tells a person or group of a lawsuit against them and orders them to appear in court on a given date and time

A

Summons

32
Q

What is the term for the party being sued

A

Defendant

33
Q

What is the term for the complaint and the answer taken together

A

Pleadings

34
Q

A what is an act that breaks a federal or a state criminal law and causes harm to people or society in general

A

Crime

35
Q

The what is when a defendant is presented with the charges and asked to enter a plea

A

Arraignment

36
Q

After a witness testifies for one side the other side is allowed to

A

Cross examine

37
Q

After a vote of what the defendant is immediately released

A

An acquittal

38
Q

A what is the term for a young person under the legal age of adulthood

A

Juvenile

39
Q

What aims to correct a person behavior rather than punish the person

A

Rehabilitation

40
Q

Not all research institutes are what or free from bias

A

Nonpartisan

41
Q

What makes it easier for citizens to interact with the government through the Internet

A

E government

42
Q

Web sites established by independent citizens to voice their support of a candidate are considered what sites

A

Grassroots

43
Q

What groups often use the Internet to spread propaganda about ideas that are far from the political

A

Extremist

44
Q

What governments such as China are finding ways to limit online political communications

A

Authoritarian

45
Q

The children’s online privacy protection act requires web sit companies to establish what information they collect from children

A

Privacy policies

46
Q

Which term refers to things people create such as books movies music and software

A

Intellectual property

47
Q

Internet purchases often allow buyers to avoid paying sales tax which causes state and local government to lose

A

Revenue

48
Q

Many schools rely on what software to prevent students from using the Internet for prohibited

A

Filtering

49
Q

The Internet allows citizens to have direct personal contact with candidates through

A

Email

50
Q

Mose newspapers magazines and web sites keep a collection of old articles called their

A

Archives

51
Q

A what is an Internet discussion forum that allows you to read posting on a particular topic and own thoughts

A

Newsgroup

52
Q

The what is a mass communication system of millions of networked computers worldwide

A

Internet

53
Q

What include people who disagree with the established political or religious system

A

Dissident groups

54
Q

The fbi uses wiretapping technology for the internet called

A

Carnivore

55
Q

The supreme court ruled that portions of the what act were unconstitutional

A

Communications decency

56
Q

A what is an owners exclusive right to control publish and sell an original work

A

Copyright

57
Q

The what act makes it illegal to develop software that will bypass computer codes on copyright

A

Digital millennium copyright

58
Q

If you buy or sell something on the World Wide Web you are engaging in

A

E commerce

59
Q

Extremist groups use the Internet to spread their what and gain new members

A

Propaganda

Civics (6 decks)

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