Chpt 15 16 17 Flashcards
Roman emperors would issue what which were commands that were equivalent to laws
Edicts
What was the first known system of written law
Code of Hammurabi
What are the legal decisions that become part of the common law
Precedents
Serious crimes with serious consequences are called
Felonies
If a person is injured because of another’s negligence the injured person can file a what action
Tort
What is the term for a law written by a legislative branch of government
Statute
What is the only crime defined by the constitution
Treason
The fifth amendment states that people may not be required to
Incriminate themselves
A what decides if there is sufficient evidence to formally charge a suspect
Grand jury
A what is a negotiation between the defense attorney and the prosecutor
Plea bargain
What are disagreements over non criminal matters
Civil disputes
What is the study of law
Jurisprudence
What is the term for law based on prior court decisions rather than on legal code
Common law
In criminal cases the government is always the
Plaintiff
In civil cases the person or group being sued is the
Defendant
Rights guaranteed under the constitution are considered part of what law
Public
What is a law that punishes an accused criminal without a trial or a fair hearing in court
Bill of attainder
Police may obtain a search warrant if they can prove they have
Probable cause
If a judge believes a person is interfering with the judicial process the judge may hold that person in
Contempt of court
In federal cases what juries must reach a unanimous verdict in order to convict or acquit
Petit
Which of the following is a court order that commands a person or group to stop a certain action
Injunction
A what is a formal statement naming the plaintiff and the defendant and describing the nature of the lawsuit
Complaint
Which of the following is a process by which each side can check facts and gather evidence before going to trial
Discovery
Who are people who act somewhat like a judge by reviewing cases and resolving the disputes
Arbitrators
Crimes and the punishments for them are spelled out in each states
Penal code
What is given under an oath to tell the truth the whole truth and nothing but the truth
Testimony
What means that the defendant does not admit guilt but will not fight the prosecutions case
No contest
When the jury cannot reach a verdict the judge declares
A hung jury
A young person under the age of adulthood who commits a crime is considered
A juvenile delinquent
What is the term used to describe a jury made up of juveniles who hear a juvenile justice case
Peer jury
The what is the Party bringing the lawsuit
Plaintiff
A what is a document that tells a person or group of a lawsuit against them and orders them to appear in court on a given date and time
Summons
What is the term for the party being sued
Defendant
What is the term for the complaint and the answer taken together
Pleadings
A what is an act that breaks a federal or a state criminal law and causes harm to people or society in general
Crime
The what is when a defendant is presented with the charges and asked to enter a plea
Arraignment
After a witness testifies for one side the other side is allowed to
Cross examine
After a vote of what the defendant is immediately released
An acquittal
A what is the term for a young person under the legal age of adulthood
Juvenile
What aims to correct a person behavior rather than punish the person
Rehabilitation
Not all research institutes are what or free from bias
Nonpartisan
What makes it easier for citizens to interact with the government through the Internet
E government
Web sites established by independent citizens to voice their support of a candidate are considered what sites
Grassroots
What groups often use the Internet to spread propaganda about ideas that are far from the political
Extremist
What governments such as China are finding ways to limit online political communications
Authoritarian
The children’s online privacy protection act requires web sit companies to establish what information they collect from children
Privacy policies
Which term refers to things people create such as books movies music and software
Intellectual property
Internet purchases often allow buyers to avoid paying sales tax which causes state and local government to lose
Revenue
Many schools rely on what software to prevent students from using the Internet for prohibited
Filtering
The Internet allows citizens to have direct personal contact with candidates through
Mose newspapers magazines and web sites keep a collection of old articles called their
Archives
A what is an Internet discussion forum that allows you to read posting on a particular topic and own thoughts
Newsgroup
The what is a mass communication system of millions of networked computers worldwide
Internet
What include people who disagree with the established political or religious system
Dissident groups
The fbi uses wiretapping technology for the internet called
Carnivore
The supreme court ruled that portions of the what act were unconstitutional
Communications decency
A what is an owners exclusive right to control publish and sell an original work
Copyright
The what act makes it illegal to develop software that will bypass computer codes on copyright
Digital millennium copyright
If you buy or sell something on the World Wide Web you are engaging in
E commerce
Extremist groups use the Internet to spread their what and gain new members
Propaganda
