Chpater 26

Question 1

A major stimulus for the release of antidiuretic hormone is _______
A- an increase in potassium levels in the ICF
B- stimulation of the baroreceptors
C- An increase in ECF water concentration
D- inhibition of the osmoreceptors
E- a rise in plasma osmolality

Answer 1

E- a rise in plasma osmolality

Question 2

acidosis results in increasing levels of what ion
A- sodium
B- phosphorus
C- hydrogen
D- chloride
E- calcium

Answer 2

C- hydrogen

Question 3

what is the most abundant cation in intracellular fluid
A- bicarbonate
B- magnesium
C- sodium
D- calcium
E- potassium

Answer 3

E- potassium

Question 4

normal arterial blood pH is
A- slightly acidic
B- highly acidic
C- slightly alkaline
D- strongly alkaline

Answer 4

C- slightly alkaline

Question 5

parathyroid hormone_______
A- enchases release of calcium from bones
B- targets the thyroid gland
C- activates osteoblasts
D- is released when aldosterone levels climb

Answer 5

A- enchases release of calcium from bones

Question 6

the condition in which sodium levels are too low is referred to as
A- cushing’s syndrome
B- hyponatremia
C- hypernatremia
D- hypokalemia

Answer 6

B- hyponatremia

Question 7

the largest percentage of body water is located in which compartment
A- blood plasma
B- interstitial fluid
C- intracellular fluid

Answer 7

C- intracellular fluid

Question 8

the major source of water loss from the body is _____
A- feces
B- insensible skin loss
C- insensible respiratory loss
d- sweat
E- urine

Answer 8

E- urine

Question 9

the most prevalent electrolyte in the extracellular fluid is _____
A- chloride
B- potassium
C- calcium
D- sodium

Answer 9

D- sodium

Question 10

the only organ of the body that can remove excess fixed acids is the _______
A- spleen
B- lungs
C- kidney
D- sweat glands

Answer 10

C- kidney

Question 11

when the concentration of Na+ in the ECF decreases __________
A- a person experiences increased thirst
B- aldosterone levels increase
C- more ADH is released
D- osmoreceptors are stimulated

Answer 11

B- aldosterone levels increase

Question 12

which condition would cause a drop in pH
A- hypokalemia
B- hyperventilation
C- hypoventilation
D- hypernatremia

Answer 12

C- hypoventilation

Question 13

which statement about acids is true
A- when high in the body they cause alkalosis
B- our bodies have few ways to deal with excess amounts of acids
C- weak acids only dissociate partially in solution
D- most acid is a result of ingestion with food

Answer 13

C- weak acids only dissociate partially in solution

Question 14

the only cation exerting significant osmotic pressure in the ECF is _______
A- K+
B- Ca2+
C- Fe2+
D- Mg2+
E- Na+

Answer 14

E- Na+

Question 15

the most important buffer system in the intracellular fluid compartment (ICF) is the _____ buffer system
A- sulfate
B- phosphate
C- chloride
D- protein

Answer 15

D- protein

Question 16

infants are more likly to experience problems regulating acid-base balance because of several factors, including________
A- the inefficiency of infant kidneys
B- lower amount of fluid intake and output in infants
C- low rate of insensible water loss from skin
D- decreased surface area relative to body volume

Answer 16

A- inefficiency of infant kidneys

Question 17

which of the following tissues is the least hydrated
A- bone
B- adipose tissue
C- nervous tissue
D- muscle tissue

Answer 17

B- adipose tissue

Question 18

which of the following individuals would have the most body water
A- an older obese person
B- an infant
C- healthy young male
D- healthy young female

Answer 18

B- an infant

Question 19

when atrial natriuretic peptide is released by the heart because of increased blood pressure it causes ________
A- vasoconstriction
B- increased renin secretion
C- increased antidiuretic hormone secretion
D- decreased sodium and water reabsorption

Answer 19

D- decreased sodium and water reabsorption

Question 20

water lost through expired air is referred to as ____
A- metabolic water
B- insensible water loss
C- water intake
D- water of oxidation

Answer 20

B- insensible water loss

Question 21

all of the following would occur if there were an increase in plasma osmolality except_______
A- production of large amounts of urine
B- thirst
C- concentrated urine
D- release of ADH

Answer 21

A- production of large amounts of urine

Question 22

all of the following factors would stimulate the hypothalamic thirst center except ______
A- decreased saliva production
B- increased angiotensin 2 secretion
C- decline in blood volume
D- hypotonic extracellular fluid

Answer 22

D- hypotonic extracellular fluid

Question 23

diuresis peaks ______ after drinking water
A- ten minutes
B- half an hour
C- one hour

Answer 23

C- one hour

Question 24

edema is the accumulation of fluid in the ____
A- intracellular space
B- plasma
C- interstitial space
D- organelles

Answer 24

c- interstitial space

Question 25

electrolyte balance in the body usually refers to the balance of _______
A- proteins
B- lipids
C- salts
D- carbohydrates

Answer 25

C- salts

Question 26

the most important buffer system of extracellular fluid such as plasma is the _______ buffer system
A- protein
B- bicarbonate
C- phosphate
D- hemoglobin

Answer 26

B- bicarbonate

Question 27

renal acid-base control mechanisms are coupled to ______
A- plamsa protein levels
B- water intake
C- Na+ transport
D- ADH secretion

Answer 27

C- Na+ transport

Question 28

estrogens are chemically similar to _____ and are therefore associated with water retention.
A- ANP
B- rennin
C- ADH
D- aldosterone

Answer 28

D- aldosterone

Question 29

any arterial pH between ____ is considered physiological acidosis
A- 6.5 and 7.0
B- 6.5 and 7.35
C- 7.0 and 7.35
D- 7.35 and 7.45

Answer 29

C- 7.0 and 7.35