chapter 25

Question 1

How is Na+ reabsorbed
A- by osmosis
B-by diffusion
C- by active transport
D- by facilitated diffusion

Answer 1

C- by active transport

Question 2

the major calyces are the
A- capsules surround each kidney
B- functional units of the kidneys
C- pyramid-shapped strcutures in the renal medulla
D- large branches of the renal pelvis

Answer 2

D- large branches of the renal pelvis

Question 3

micturition is
A- a meathod of tubular reabsorption
B- the release of urine from the bladder via the urethra
C- a form of glomerular filtration
D- the production of urine
E- mechanism for concentrating urine

Answer 3

B- the release of urine from the bladder via the urethra

Question 4

the basic functional unit of the kidney is the
A- loop of henle
B- glomerulus
C- nephron
D- major calyx

Answer 4

C- nephron

Question 5

the blood supply leading directly into the nephron is the
A- interlobular artery
B- afferent arteriole
C- segmental artery
D- renal artery
E- efferent ateriole

Answer 5

B- afferent arteriole

Question 6

the glomerular capsule and glomerulus make up the
A- Renal pelvis
B- nephron
C- papilla
D- loop of henle
E- renal corpuscle

Answer 6

E- renal corpuscle

Question 7

an important factor directly affecting the glomerular filtration rate is
A- negative pressure
B- capsular osmotic pressure
C- capsular hydrostatic pressure
D- blood osmotic pressure
E- net filtration pressure

Answer 7

E- net flitration pressure

Question 8

when the concentration of ADH increases
A- blood volume decreases
B- less urine is produced
C- more salt is secreted by the nephron
D- less water is reabsorbed by the nephron and collecting duct

Answer 8

B- less urine is produced

Question 9

which process results in increased blood pressure in response to hormone release
A- coutercurrent mechanism
B- adrenergic responce
C- renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
D- tubuloglomerular response

Answer 9

C- renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism

Question 10

which structure is the muscular tube that delivers urine to the bladder
A- porstate
B-urethra
C- renal pelvis
D- ureter
E- papillary duct

Answer 10

D- ureter

Question 11

which substance would NOT normally be expected in urine
A- potassium
B-sodium
C- water
D- protein

Answer 11

D- protein

Question 12

arrange the following structure to represent the sequence in which urine passes through them
1 - ureter
2- renal pelvis
3- calyx
4- urinary bladder
5- urethra

Answer 12

3- calyx
2- renal pelvis
1- ureter
4- urinary bladder
5- urethra

Question 13

if the efferent arteriole constricts while the afferent arteriole remains unchanged the glomerular filtration rate
A- decreases
B- does not change
C- increases
D- cant be determined

Answer 13

C- increases

Question 14

the presence of glucose and ketone bodies in the urine can indicate
A- albuminuria
B- untreated diabetes mellitus
C- infection of the urinary tract
D- trauma to the kidneys

Answer 14

B- untreated diabetes mellitus

Question 15

which of the following statements about the urinary system is INCORRECT
A- it metabolizes vit. D to its active form
B- it produces erythropoietin which stiumulates RBC formation
C- produces epinephrine
D- produces renin which helps regulate blood pressure

Answer 15

C- produces epinephrine

Question 16

the renal hilum lies on the ____ surface of the kidney
A- inferior
B-medial
C- lateral
D- superior

Answer 16

B-medial

Question 17

the ____ cushions the kidney and helps attach it to the posterior body wall
A- ureter
B- renal pelvis
C- perirenal fat capsule
D- fibrous capsule

Answer 17

C- perirenal fat capsule

Question 18

renal ptosis may lead to _____
A- bleeding in the kidney tissue
B- hydronephrosis due to urine backup
C- degeneration of perirenal fat
D- degeneration of perirenal fat
E- renal calculus formation

Answer 18

B - hydronephrosis due to urine backup

Question 19

the renal _____ is continuous with the ureter
A- medulla
B-glomerulus
C- cortex
D- pelvis

Answer 19

D - pelvis

Question 20

All of the following are layers of the filtration membrane in the glomerular membrane except the _____
A- fenstrated endothelium
B- renal capsule
C- basement membrane
D- visceral layer

Answer 20

B- renal capsule

Question 21

what structures are part of the JG complex and acts as a mechanoreceptor sensing blood pressure in the afferent arteriole
A- granular cells
B-podocytes
C- extraglomerular mesangial cells
D- macula densa

Answer 21

A- granular cells

Question 22

all of the following functions are carried out in the renal tubules except
A- reabsorption
B- formation of urine
C- filtration
D-secretion

Answer 22

C- filtration

Question 23

which nephron capillary bed specializes in forming concentrated urine
A- pertubular capillaries
B- efferent arteriole
C- glomerulus
D- vasa recta

Answer 23

D- vasa recta

Question 24

the energy needed for secondary active transport is provided by the
A- concetration gradient established by Na+
B- cleavage of ATP
C- filtration membrane
D- renal capillary hydrostatic pressure

Answer 24

A- concentration gradient established by Na+

Question 25

which of the following is the countercurrent multiplier in the kidney
A- vasa recta
B- proximal convoluted tubule
C- glomerular capsule around the glomerulus
D- loop of henle of a juxtamedullary nephron

Answer 25

D- loop of henle of juxtamedullar nephron

Question 26

urea transport out of the medullary collecting duct is enhanced by ______
A- angiotensin 2
B-ADH
C- renin

Answer 26

B- ADH

Question 27

which of the following is the standard substance used to measure the GFR
A- glucose
B- drug metabolites
C- inulin
D- protein

Answer 27

C- inulin

Question 28

which of the following substances is the largest component of urine by weight after water
A- uric acid
B- inulin
C- creatinine
D- urea

Answer 28

D- urea

Question 29

which of the following is NOT associated with primary nocturnal enuresis
A- unusually sound asleep
B- inadequate nocturnal ADH production
C- a small bladder capacity
D- female over the age of 60

Answer 29

D- females over the age of 60