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Psychology [Unit 1] > CHP.4 - CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM & NEURONS: STRUCTURE & FUNCTION > Flashcards

CHP.4 - CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM & NEURONS: STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the CNS?

A

Central Nervous System

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2
Q

what comprises the CNS?

A

the brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

what is the PNS?

A

Peripheral Nervous System

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4
Q

the PNS is comprised of which two systems?

A

the Somatic nervous system and the Autonomic system

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5
Q

the Autonomic system has two branches known as what?

A

the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous systems

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6
Q

how does the brain communicate with the body?

A

it sends messages from the CNS to the PNS, and vice versa

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7
Q

what are two functions of the PNS?

A

to communicate information from the body’s organs, glands and muscles to the CNS, from external and internal stimuli
to communicate information from the CNS to the body’s organs, glands and muscles via motor neurons

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8
Q

what is the Somatic nervous system responsible for?

A

the voluntary movement of skeletal muscles

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9
Q

what is the role of motor neurons?

A

to communicate messages from the CNS to move muscles

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10
Q

what are the role of sensory neurons?

A

transmitting sensory information from our environment to our brains

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11
Q

what is the Autonomic nervous system responsible for?

A

The Autonomic nervous system controls the function of all involuntary automatic internal organ function, the majority of which are needed for vital bodily functions

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12
Q

what is the Sympathetic nervous system responsible for?

A

it is responsible for the fight, flight or freeze survival response and activates in times of danger or stress

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13
Q

what is the Parasympathetic system responsible for?

A

it is responsible for maintaining the automatic day-to-day functions such as digestion, heart rate and breathing. this regular bodily functioning is also known as homeostasis

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14
Q

how do the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems work together?

A

the achieve a balance of maintaining clam regular bodily functions but preparing those same organs for times of stress if needed

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15
Q

what are the role of neurons?

A

to receive information from other neurons, process this information and then pass it on to other neurons.

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16
Q

what are the three main elements comprising neurons?

A

dendrites, soma and axom

17
Q

what is the function dendrites?

A

to receive information via synapses

18
Q

what is the function of the soma?

A

the cell body, housing the nucleus

19
Q

what is the function of the axon?

A

the ‘tail’, caries information via an electrical impulse called action potential down the axon to the terminal buttons at the end, where it passes on the message to other neurons with a chemical called neurotransmitter

20
Q

what are glial cells?

A

a cell not part of the neuron that ‘glues’ or holds neurons together

21
Q

what are the four functions of glial cells?

A
  1. to surround neurons and hold them in place
  2. to supply nourishment and oxygen to neurons
  3. to remove dead neurons
  4. to insulate one neuron from another and increase the transmission of nerve Impulses. to do this, glial cells produce myelin
22
Q

what is myelin?

A

a fatty substance that covers the axon to insulate it and protect it. myelin is produced by glial cels

23
Q

what are the nodes of ranvier?

A

gaps on the axon tail between myelin

24
Q

what is a synapse?

A

the junction between two neurons, where the terminal buttons of one axon come into contact with the dendrites of another

25
Q

the process of neurons communicating with other neurons is known as what?

A

synaptic transmission

26
Q

what chemical is necessary for messages to pass from neuron to neuron within the synapse?

A

neurotransmitter

27
Q

the pathways that nerve impulses take along neurons are known as what?

A

neural pathways

28
Q

what is reaction time?

A

how fast we can process information and react

Psychology [Unit 1] (10 decks)

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