Chp3 And 4 Flashcards
What are the two levels of content in psychoanalytic theory in regard to dreams and psychological experiences
Manifest content and latent content
What is manifest content
What a person remembers and consciously considers. The surface
What is latent content
Underlying hidden meaning the vastness under the surface.
Explain freud’s id
It’s the very basic unsocialized core of personality, usually termed by instincts or impulses the ID. Operates, according to the demands of the pleasure principle, so it needs to satisfy its desires and reduce intertension
What is freuds “I” or ego?
It operates under reality principle. It has to solve real problems for a baby. It can’t just hope for cuddling. It has to act and plan according to the constraints of the real world.For instance, they might exaggerate the crying in order to bring their mothers. The ego reality checks the ID. Adults usually keep the ID under control because of the ego. But this doesn’t always happen, because lots of pleasure seeking individuals, we’ll become dominated by the id.
What is freud’s super ego
Super ego actually means over I. This might be really similar to conscious, but it can go a little bit further, it talks about how we think under a certain set of ethical guidelines. Sometimes this might be cultural, which wasn’t freud’s intention, but it’s possible. We can’t be entirely self centered.We are shaped by the rest of society to follow a set of moral rules
What does freud say about the oral stage
Children who have difficulty transitioning from oral to anal stages may have dependency attachment or intake of interesting substances issues. They may be fixated on the oral stage. They derive psychological pleasure from talking being close, like too close and constantly seeking knowledge. This confirms that an infant needs to feel secure with their mom for better adjustment
What does freud say about the anal stage
Those stuck in the anal stage may need a lot more control. It’s people in the anal stage may enjoy making messes like messages of other peoples lives. They may be overly neat, may need border and organization.
They may become stingy, they might have o. C d they may be passive aggressive?So they might not do anything overly nasty, but attack passively like silent treatments.
What is the phallic stage according to freud
This is between the ages of foreign 6 children are exploring their genitals, and they might masturbate. This is where we have the oedipus, complex and penis envy. Males might have an oedipus complex where males feel like they’re competing against their father. For their mother, they may feel Insecure, in their own genitalia, versus penis envy is where girls, especially in patriarchal communities are confused and upset that they don’t have penises, and they’re trying to find a way to gain a penis so that includes finding the strengths and affections of their own fathers.
So for completion? For women and their personality and their genital identity, healthy women should want to have a good man and produce children.
What does freud consider the latency period
This is between the ages of 6 and 11. According to Freud, there were no psychosocial developments during this time because most of these sexual urges can’t be directly expressed or channeled into things like going to school or making friends. But we know now that the adrenal glands are still maturing at this point and that there is a gross spurt, coupled with changes in those hormones. So sexual attraction does happen within this time
What does freud consider the genital stage
If you’ve adjusted well, then you’ll progress into the genital stage, which is basically adolescents, so you’ll have normal sexual relations, marriage child rearing freud believes that if you do not have deviant experiences in childhood, you won’t necessarily develop personal idiosyncrasies or personality problems, which is fairly accurate. What is inaccurate is that freud believed this is where we’ve turned from masturbation into heterosexual relations.But we know now there is a lot of different mating patterns, masturbation, homosexuality, and a lot of sexual activities that are found psychologically in healthy, productive, well adjusted people during this time.
What was freud’s view on men and women in psychological personalities.
Freud’s time focused more on men. Therefore, minimizing the importance of women, this includes biologically, like a woman’s clitoris, how women have orgasms, clearly which Freud thought was less or artificial compared to vaginal orgasms, we know now that that’s not necessarily the case. In Freud’s time, he wasn’t sure why women would stay with abusive. Men are really s***** conditions. So he assumed that women were masochistic by nature, but the truth was that women had little options available to them to release them from those situations. We also know now that Freudianism, in general, tends to be sexist. Now we are examining biological and cultural influences on male and female development more greatly than using freud
What is reaction formation
Is the process of pushing away, threatening impulses by overemphasizing the opposite in one’s thoughts and actions? For example, somebody who is a televangelist talking about being anti.Gay and how gay people are evil, but they themselves are actually gay.
Explain post traumatic stress
Post-traumatic stress was coined after the Vietnam war. When people realized that a lot of u s veterans began experiencing anxiety nightmares, sleep difficulties and failed marriages. PTSD is a version repressed memories because veterans may have that traumatic event pop-up or they might experience a lot of trauma, and they don’t know where it’s coming from.
So these memories plague them, and they’re repressed memories. Alternatively, the veteran knows what the problems are. It’s not repression, because it’s not unconscious. P t s d tends to be common in veterans, but also for women who have experienced physical assault
What is repression according to freud
Is the ego defense mechanism that pushes threatening thoughts back to the unconsciousness? For example, a twenty nine year old daughter may suddenly realize that her father had molested one of her classmates when she was eight.Those memories all of a sudden popped up because they were repressed
What is a defense mechanism according to freud
These are processes that the ego uses to distort reality to protect itself
According to freud what is denial
It’s refusing to acknowledge anxiety provoking stimuli, and as a very common defense mechanism, it’s usually seen in adults in conditions of severe stress or pain.People will sometimes distort some aspects of a situation like telling their friends that a terrible fight with their spouse was actually just a lover’s quarrel. Another example of denial is, if there was like a school shooting and a parent’s child had been killed, a parent might say, no, that can’t be. I’m gonna pick up my kid from school. And that the parent denies that the terrible fact of their children’s death
According to freud what is projection
Projection is a defense mechanism in which anxiety arousing impulses are externalized by placing them or projecting them onto others.A person’s inner threats are attributed to those around him or her. An example could be an feminist community member who says that children should understand and learn sex. These are households, and when asked to do that, or explain that they get angry or get riled up about it
What is the defense mechanism displacement
This is shifting of the target of one’s unconscious fears or desires, for example, somebody who’s humiliated by their boss goes home and beats his children
What is sublimination
Transforming of dangerous urges into positive socially acceptable motivations. For example, anal retentive impulses based on the holding back of feces might lead to a desire to control and ordered the lives of everyone at home and at work.This may be transformed into a desire to organize children’s activities or clean up the local riverfront
What are the implications of psychoanalytic approaches for changing one’s personality
The psychoanalytic view can be deterministic and pessimistic, but there are 2 good ways to improve your personality. One gain insights into your hidden underlying motivations with a few different practices.Second capitalize on your unconscious thought processes by welcoming your hunches and feelings of intuition
What is regression
We return to earlier and safer stages of our lives. For instance, a weaned child may turn to the bottle or try to breastfeed again. A toilet trained child might have accidents again when a new baby arrives. Regression is really common in children. You might see a regression in adults where anxious adults start to whimper, like a child or they look for maternal care.
What is rationalization in the psychoanalytic lens
It’s a mechanism involving after the fact logical explanations for behaviors that were actually driven by internal unconscious motives, for instance, rather than admitting that we moved across the country to be near a sexy lover, we might say to others, and even to ourselves that we’re actually looking for a better job or or new challenges.
Are behaviors and personality is the same
No, we can learn a lot within our culture that may influence our behavior but it does not necessarily define our personality or is the result of our personality. For instance, if we move to a new place with new friends, our behaviors would change habits are not personality. For instance, italians love pasta, but they don’t have a pasta prone personality.
How is the lorina bobbit case?A great example to launch discussion on the strengths and weaknesses of freud’s theories
Lorena bobit castrated her husband who sexually assaulted her one night and then took his penis and disposed of it after carrying it around the city. According to psychoanalysts, Lorena’s behavior was probably an unconscious motive influenced by her internal sexual conflicts, meaning she suffered from penis. Envy, so she was able to remove mail. Anatomy from somebody who had strength and eliminate that. According to psychoanalytic theory, though women tend to be masochistic.So that’s why she stayed with him.As long as he she did. Because he forced her to have an abortion. She felt it necessary to act on revenge or act through her id and her.Ego and super ego were not able to tame her id. She was acquitted.Which kind of shows that society accepts the idea of overpowering unconscious motivation
What is psychosurgery
Operating on the brain in an attempt to repair personality problems, it has a long and horrific history.Lobotomies was the technique of choice.
What is hypermnesia
It literally means excess memory.It refers to a situation in which later attempt to remember something yields.Information that was not reportable on an earlier attempt to remember
What is explicit memory
We can recall or recognize something
What is implicit memory
We might change how we think or behave as a result of some experience that we do not consciously recall
What is amnesia
No new conscious memories can be successfully retrieved even minutes after an experience had occurred
What is anterograde amnesia?
You can continuously learn new skills over repeated practice through many days. But you might forget that you had never seen or done the thing before. For example, somebody with anterograde amnesia maybe given a complex maze every single day, and they may not remember having Done it, but they can do teh maze quicker than those who have never done it.
What is infantile amnesia
The idea that we don’t remember things from infancy in very early childhood
What are some common assessment techniques in the psycho?Analytic approach
Psychotherapy free association and dream analysis
What i analytic psychology?
Jung’s theory to distinguish himself from that of Freudian theory.
Conscious ego, personal unconscious, collective unconscious.
What is the conscious ego
Similar to freud up to age 4. Personality of conscious embodying sense of sense of self. And ego
What is the personal unconscious
Thoughts and feelings thay are not currently part of conscious awareness. Ex, person next to me might resent family and hate them, but they repressed those feelings because it threatened their view as a “good person”. It also contains retrospective (past) and prospective (future) material. Ex. Having drinks related to events associated with the future. “Sensing” things likely to happen.
What is collective unconsious
Dejavu, images that are common to people are derived from emotional responses our ancestors keep repeating. Same trait “archetypes” of people.
What are the four functions of the mind according to Jung.
1) sensing, is something there or do we see/hear? 2) thinking, what is there what does it mean. 3) feeling, what is i5 worth is it valuable? 4) intuiting, where did it come from?And where is it going
Who said that birth order influences personality?
Adler
What are Adlers 4 components of typology
1) ruling dominant (aggressive and domineerin) 2) getting leaning, taking from others somewhat passive 3)avoiding conquers problems by running away.4) socially useful meets problems.Realistically is cooperative and caring
