Chp. 8 Mitosis Flashcards
Best describes mitosis?
The process by which somatic cells divide to produce genetically identical cells.
What occurs during prophase of mitosis?
The nuclear membrane breaks down, and chromosomes condense.
During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate?
Anaphase
Which of the following cells would most likely be undergoing mitosis?
A skin cell
Mitosis occurs in which type of cells?
Somatic cells
Which organelle is responsible for organizing Microtubules during mitosis?
Centrosome
The mitotic spindle fibers attach to which part of the chromosome?
Centromere
The function of mitosis is to produce
Two genetically identical daughter cells from a single parent cell.
- growth
- tissue repair & regeneration
- asexual reproduction
- maintenance of genetic stability
Mitosis is crucial for maintaining healthy tissues and organ throughout an organism’s life.
What occurs during the G1 phase of the cell cycle?
Cell growth and preparation from DNA replication
The S phase of the cell cycle is crucial for which of the following reasons?
DNA is replicated to ensure each daughter cell receives a full set of chromosomes
Which stage of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the metaphase plate?
Metaphase
What is the significance of the G2 phase in the cell cycle?
The cell checks for DNA damage and ensures all chromosomes have been replicated
During telophase, what key events occur?
The nuclear envelop reforms around each set of chromosomes
What is the significance of abnormal mitosis in cancer cells?
Cancer cells bypass regulatory checkpoints, leading to uncontrolled cell division
A drug that disrupts spindle fiber formation would most likely inhibit which phase of mitosis?
Metaphase
What is cytokinesis?
The division of the cytoplasm following mitosis.
How does cytokinesis differ in plant cells compared to animal cells?
Animal cells form a cleavage furrow, while plant cells form a cell plate
Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that DNA is correctly replicated before the cell enters mitosis?
G2 checkpoint
What role does p53 play int eh cell cycle?
Suppresses tumors by stopping the cell cycle if DNA damage is detected
A pt is undergoing chemotherapy that targets rapidly diving cells. Why does this treatment affect cancer cells more than normal cells?
Cancer cells divide more rapidly and frequently than normal cells, making them more susceptible to drugs that target mitosis.
What is aneuploidy, and how is it related to errors in mitosis?
A condition where cells have an abnormal number of chromosomes due to mitotic error
During wound healing, which phase of mitosis is particularly important for replacing damaged cells?
Telophase
What is the final product of mitosis?
Two genetically identical daughter cells
In which phase of mitosis does the nuclear membrane re-form?
Telophase
Which phase of mitosis immediately follows metaphase?
Anaphase
Why is mitosis critical in the process of tissue repair after an injury?
It ensures that the new cells are genetically identical to the damaged cells they replace .
During _____ the cell grows and replicates both its organelles and its chromosomes
Interphase
During ______ both the contents of the nucleus and the cytoplasm are divided
The mitotic phase
