chp 7 Flashcards
anything that has mass and takes up space
matter
what is the ultimate source of energy for every living thing
radiant energy
what has the capacity to do work(change in state or motion of matter)
energy
capacity to do work as a result of postition or state
potential energy
energy of motion is used, work is performed
kinetic energy
whats the first law of thermodynamics
energy cannot be created or destroyed
whats the second law of thermodynamics
when energy is converted from one form to another, some usable energy is converted into heat that disperses
what’s the measure of the disorder or randomness of energy
entrophy
pathways in which molecules are synthesized from simpler substances
anabolism
pathways in which larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones
catabolism
substances lose electrons
oxidation
substances gain electrons
reduction
what’s a nucleotide that accepts hydrogen atoms and their electrons
Flavin Adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
proteins that contain iron
cytochromes
cells regulate rates of chemical reactions with
enzymes
what increases the speed of chemical reaction without being consumed by the reaction
enzymes
enzymes bind to (what) to position substrates close together to speed up the reaction
active sites
binding of substrate to enzymes causes a change in shape to enzyme is called
induced fit
a specific gene directs synthesis of each type of enzyme
gene control
what keeps the enzyme in it active shape
allosteric inhibitors
result in a function active site
allosteric activators
