Chp 6 - Patient Care Flashcards
What is acoustic cavitation
the production of bubbles in a liquid medium
What is diabetic ketoacidosis
a complication of diabetes from severe lack of insulin
What does the MI tell you?
the likelihood that cavitation can occur
What is a nosocomial infection
a hospital acquired infection
What does the TI tell you?
predicts the maximum temperature elevation in tissues as a result of attenuation of sound
What is the act called for patients privaty protection, etc?
HIPPA
What is CPR most often used for?
to counteract effects os suspected cardiac arrest or heart attack
What is the classic presentation of cardiac arrest?
loss of consciousness, loss of BP, dilation of pupils, and possibly seizures
What are the first signs of shock?
cold and clammy skin, decreases urine output, respirations increased, redyced bowel sounds, and increased anxiety
What will occur if shock progresses
BP will drop, respirations decrease, tahcycardia, chest pain, loss of mental alertness
What are the worst things that can occur from shock
organ failure leading to death
What should you do if theres no response from a patient after shaking them?
call a code or shout for help
Anaphlactic shock
from allergic reaction
What is cardiogenic shock
failure of the heart to pump proper amount of blood to vital organs
What is distributive shock
when BV lack the ability to assist in return of blood to the heart
What is hypovolemic shock
IV fluid decreases by 15-25%
What is neurogenic shock
A type of distributive shock from loss of sympathetic tone
What is obstructive shock?
from conditions that interfere with normal functioning of heart
Septic shock?
type of distributive shock - immune response from invasive bacteria
What are the 3 complications patients with diabetes mellitus may have if fasting?
hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis (hyperglycemia), hyperglycemic molat nonketotic syndrome
What are some complications of diabetes?
tachycardia, headache, blurred vision, thirsty, polyuria, sweet odor to breath
How is TB spread?
airborne
What is the chain of infection?
infectious agent –> reservoir –> portal of exit –> mode of transmission –> portal of entry –> susceptible host
What is one of the m/c nosocomial infections?
UTI - incorrect use of foley
Where should the cathetor bag be placed?
below the level of the bladder
What is the primary reason why tissue heats as sound is attenuated?
absorption
What should the SPTA be?
below 100 mW/cm2
What value should the TI be?
less than 2
What is stable cavitation?
it produces bubbles that oscillate or fluctuate in size but DONT rupture
Which type of cavitation can cause the most damage?
transient
What is transient cavitation?
larger bubbles are produced and rupture which produces a shock wave and an increase in temperature
What is safe MI?
less than 0.4
What is streaming?
When aoustic fields cause motion of fluids
What are radiation forces described as?
forces exerted by a sound beam on an absorber or reflector that can alter structures
What type of shock is the failure of the heart to pump the proper amount of blood to vital organs
Cardiogenic shock
What are the subcategories of distributive shock?
- anaphylactic
- septic
- neurogenic
