Chp 5 Cultural Evolution

Question 1

1st models

Answer 1

Cultures change in a direction from simple to complex

Question 2

Unilineal

Answer 2

theoretical school proceedes cultures through a series of successive stages.

Question 3

Neoevolution

Answer 3

Proposed by Leslie white

-Cultures levels of evolutionary development

Question 4

Multilinear

Answer 4

Julian steward rejected White’s theory & argued evolution patterns for societies in different patterns.

Question 5

Cultural Diversity

Answer 5

Could be understood by understanding the varieties of human adaptations.

Question 6

3 components of technology

Answer 6

1. ) knowledge of available raw materials
2. ) knowledge & skills to obtain the raw materials
3. ) knowledge & skills to manipulate the raw materials to make the desired object.

Question 7

Optimal foraging

Answer 7

• uses scientific method

- optimize food gathering w/ the least amount of time or calories

Question 8

Cultural evolution

Answer 8

Models for looking at how cultures change over time

Question 9

MicroView

Answer 9

View of a particular cultural adaptation

Question 10

Technology is used by humans to

Answer 10

Manipulate their environments

Question 11

Traditions

Answer 11

Are choices made within a culture regardless for the reason for that choice
-generation to generation

Question 12

What are the 3 types of reciprocity?

Answer 12

1. ) generalized
2. ) negative
3. ) balanced

Question 13

Generalized

Answer 13

Is when everyone gives of time, food and artifacts and no one keeps track of what is given or received

Question 14

Balanced

Answer 14

Involves the exchange of favors or items while keeping mental records in the expectation that something of equal value will be returned with in a reasonable period of time

Question 15

Negative

Answer 15

And economic exchange aimed at receiving more than is given