Chp 5

Question 1

What is structural isomerism?

Answer 1

Same molecular formula but a different structural formula

Question 2

What are steroisomers?

Answer 2

• Same structural formulae different from each other in how other groups / atoms attached at different positions

Question 3

What are geometric isomers?

Answer 3

Compounds containing C=C double bond with atoms / groups attached at different positions

Question 4

What are electrophilic reactions?

Answer 4

Heterolytic

Question 5

What are substitution reactions

Answer 5

Homolytic

Question 6

Hydrogenation

Answer 6

Addition reaction
Hydrogen added to alkene
- Using heat + nickel catalyst
- Forms alkane

Question 7

Halogenation

Answer 7

• Adding halogen alkene
• Forms dihalogenoalkanes

Question 8

Hydration

Answer 8

• Adding water > H and OH
• Heating alkene with steam
• Catalyst of phosphoric acid (H3PO4)
• Forms alcohol

Question 9

Oxidation to diols

Answer 9

• Addition + Oxidation
• Diol: Compound containing 2 OH groups (alcohol)
• Oxidising agent is potassium manganate (VII)
• Potassium manganate > purple to colourless
• used to distinguish between alkanes and alkenes

Question 10

Addition of hydrogen halides

Answer 10

• Addition of hydrogen halides (HBr / HCL)
• Forms halogenoalkane
• Cannot be used to test for C=C because reactants and products are colourless
• No colour change to observe