Chp 4

Question 1

What is the functional group?

4A.3

Answer 1

• atom / group of atoms in molecule that is responsible for its chemical properties
• COOH > gives vinegar its sour / acidic taste and smell
• Alkanes do NOT have a functional group

Question 2

What is a homologous series?

4A.3

Answer 2

• Family of compounds with the same functional group which differ in formula by CH2 from the next member
• Same functional group
• Similar chemical + physical properties

Question 3

What is the general formula for halogenoalkane?

4A.3

Answer 3

CnH2n+1 X

Question 4

What is the general formula for alcohols?

4A.3

Answer 4

CnH2n+1OH

Question 5

What is an isomer?

4A.5

Answer 5

• Compounds that have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula

Question 6

What is chain isomerisim?

4A.5

Answer 6

• Molecules with different carbon atoms
• The carbon chain differs

Question 7

What is position isomerisim?

4A.5

Answer 7

• The functional group is in different positions

Question 8

What is an addition reaction?

Answer 8

• 2 molecules combine to form one moelcule
• A + B = C

Question 9

What is a substitution reaction?

Answer 9

• Reaction where one atom / group is replaced by another atom / group
• A + B = C + D

Question 10

What is an oxidation reaction?

Answer 10

• Reaction where substance gains oxygen OR loses hydrogen

Question 11

What is a reduction reaction?

Answer 11

• Reaction where substance loses oxygen OR gains hydrogen

Question 12

What is fractional distillation?

Answer 12

• Seperates alkanes in crude oil based on boiling point
• Bottom of fraction&raquo_space; Larger chains + high temp
• Top of fraction&raquo_space; Short chains + low temp
• Enter fractionating column as gases

Question 13

What are the states of hydrocarbon chains during combustion?

Answer 13

• Carbon 1 - 4 = gas
• Carbon 5 - 17 = liquid
• Carbon 18+ = solid