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Medical Terminology > Chp. 4 - Diagnostic Procedures and Therapeutic Interventions > Flashcards

Chp. 4 - Diagnostic Procedures and Therapeutic Interventions Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Normal Range

A

when the body is in a healthy state, it functions normally, and the physical and chemical characteristics of the body substances are generally within a certain acceptable range…WNL

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1
Q

Symptom (Sx)

A

a change (subjective evidence) that is perceived by the patient, which may or may not be confirmed by the examiner

Ex: Headache, Itching, Pain

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2
Q

Sign

A

objective, or definitive, evidence of an illness or disordered function that is perceived by an examiner

Ex: Fever, Rash, evidence established by radiologic or laboratory testing

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3
Q

Diagnosis (Dx)

A

identification of a disease or condition by a scientific evaluation of physical signs, symptoms, history, tests, and procedures

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4
Q

Prognosis

A

predicted outcome of a disease

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5
Q

Acute (describing disease)

A

having a short and relatively severe course

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6
Q

Chronic (describing disease)

A

exists over a long time

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7
Q

Specimen

A

small sample or part taken from the body to represent the nature of the whole

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8
Q

Vital Signs

A

measurements of pulse rate, respiration rate, and body temperature

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9
Q

Pulse (P)

A

rhythmic expansion of an artery that occurs as the heart beats

results from the expansion and contraction of an artery as blood is forced from the heart

may be felt with a finger or measured electronically

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10
Q

Pulse Rate

A

count of heartbeats per minute

Normal/Resting State: 60-100 bpm

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11
Q

Respiration (R)

A

refers either to the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the body or to breathing

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12
Q

Respiratory Rate

A

number of breaths per minute

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13
Q

Tympanic Thermometer

A

has a specially designed probe tip that is placed at the external opening of the ear canal

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14
Q

Blood Pressure (BP)

A

pressure exerted by the circulating volume of blood on the walls of the arteries and veins and on the chambers of the heart

readings generally consist of two numbers expressed as a fraction: first number represents the maximum pressure on the artery, second number represents the amount of pressure that still exists when the heart is relaxed

standard unit of measurement is millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)

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15
Q

Systolic Pressure

A

higher reading of blood pressure

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16
Q

Diastolic Pressure

A

lower reading of blood pressure

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17
Q

History

A

a record of past events and factors that may have a bearing on one’s present condition

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18
Q

History of Present Illness

A

obtained by the medical professional from the patient regarding the onset, duration, and character of the present illness

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19
Q

Four Techniques of Physical Examination

A

Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation

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20
Q

Inspection

A

examiner uses the eyes and ears to observe and listen to the patient

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21
Q

Palpation

A

examiner feels the texture, size, consistency, and location of certain body parts with the hands

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22
Q

Percussion

A

examiner taps the body with the fingertips or fist to evaluate the size, borders, and consistency of internal organs and to determine the amount of fluid in a body cavity

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23
Q

Auscultation

A

examiner listens for sounds within the body to evaluate the heart, blood vessels, lungs, intestines, or other organs, or to detect the fetal heart sound

performed most frequently with a stethoscope

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24
Q

Stethoscope

A

an instrument consisting of two earpieces connected by flexible tubing

the diaphragm is placed against the patient’s skin to hear sounds within the body

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25
Q

Endoscope

A

illuminated instrument for the visualization of the interior of a body cavity or organ

generally introduced through a natural opening, but may also be inserted through an incision

26
Q

Endoscopy

A

visual inspection of the body by means of an endoscope

27
Q

Endoscopic

A

pertaining to endoscopy or performed using an endoscope

28
Q

Catheter

A

hollow flexible tube that can be inserted into a cavity of the body to withdraw or instill fluids, perform tests, or visualize a vessel or cavity

29
Q

Catheterization

A

introduction of a catheter

30
Q

Catheterize

A

to introduce a catheter

31
Q

Cannula

A

latin term used to mean a hollow, flexible tube that is inserted into vessels or cavities

32
Q

Invasive Procedure

A

requires entry of a body cavity or interruption of normal body function

33
Q

Combining Form - ech/o, son/o

A

sound

34
Q

Combining Form - electr/o

A

electricity

35
Q

Combining Form - fluor/o

A

emitting or reflecting light

36
Q

Combining Form - radi/o

A

radiant energy

37
Q

Combining Form - tom/o

A

to cut

38
Q

ultra-

A

excessive

39
Q

Radiography

A

predominant means of diagnostic imaging for many years, with x-rays providing image data (film) of internal structures

provides a record of the image at a particular point in time

40
Q

Radiograph

A

made by projecting x-rays through organs or structures of the body onto a digital image receptor

41
Q

X-Radiation Passage

A

Where penetration is greater, the image is black or darker

Where x-rays are absorbed by the subject, the image is white or light gray

Ex: Air = black, Fat = dark gray, Muscle Tissue = light gray, Bone/Lead/Steel = very light or white

42
Q

Radiopaque

A

substances that do not permit the passage of x-rays

43
Q

Radiolucent

A

substances that readily permit the passage of x-rays

44
Q

Computed Tomography (CT)

A

uses ionizing radiation to produce a detailed image of a cross section of tissue

Produces a tomogram

45
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A

uses a powerful magnetic field and radio wave pulses to create images of internal structures based on the magnetic properties of chemical elements within the body

produces superior soft tissue resolution for distinguishing adjacent structures

46
Q

Ultrasonography (Ultrasound/Sonography)

A

process of imaging deep structures of the body by sending and receiving high-frequency sound waves that are reflected back as echoes from internal tissues and structures

very safe, does not use ionizing radiation

produces a sonogram or echogram

47
Q

Contrast Imaging

A

use of radiopaque materials to make internal organs visible on x-ray images

medium may be swallowed, introduced into a body cavity, or injected into a vessel

48
Q

Fluoroscopy

A

visual examination of an internal organ using a fluoroscope

offers continuous x-ray imaging of the motion of internal structures

49
Q

Nuclear Medicine

A

administering radiopharmaceuticals (radioactive medicinal drugs) to a patient orally, into the vein, or by having the patient breathe the material in vapor form

50
Q

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

A

type of nuclear medicine scan

combines CT and radioactive substances to produce enhanced images of selected body structures

51
Q

Radiotherapy

A

treatment of tumors using radiation to destroy cancer cells

Ex: Radiation Oncology

52
Q

Therapeutic

A

pertaining to therapy

53
Q

Combining Form - algesi/o

A

sensitivity to pain

54
Q

Combining Form - chem/o

A

chemical

55
Q

Combining Form - pharmac/o, pharmaceut/i

A

drugs or medicine

56
Q

Combining Form - plast/o

A

repair

57
Q

Combining Form - therapeut/o

A

treatment

58
Q

Combining Form - tox/o

A

poison

59
Q

-therapy

A

treatment

60
Q

Remission

A

the disappearance of the characteristics of a malignant tissue

61
Q

Analgesic

A

drug that relieves pain

62
Q

Antimicrobials

A

drugs that destroy or inhibit growth of microbes

63
Q

Antibiotics

A

antimicrobial agents that are derived from cultures of a microorganism or produced semisynthetically and used to treat infections

Medical Terminology (5 decks)

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