Chp 3 pt 2 - Internal & External Micobial Flashcards
What are the learning objectives of Chapter 3 Part 2?
List and describe the structures found in prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells, including internal and external structures.
What are the two types of glycocalyx?
Capsule and Slime Layer.
What is the function of a slime layer in bacteria?
It allows bacteria to attach to surfaces, forming biofilms and provides protection against antibiotics and drying out.
What are fimbriae and their function?
Fimbriae are rod-like proteinaceous extensions that allow bacteria to adhere to one another and to surfaces, aiding in host attachment and biofilm formation.
What is a pilus, and how does it function?
A pilus is a special type of fimbria used for DNA transfer during conjugation and ATP-driven twitching motility.
What unique structure do some Archaea possess for attachment?
Hami, which are grappling-hook-like structures used to attach cells and form biofilms.
What are the different arrangements of bacterial flagella?
Monotrichous (single flagellum), Amphitrichous (single/multiple at each end), Lophotrichous (multiple at one end), Peritrichous (numerous covering the cell).
What is the structure of bacterial flagella?
It has three main parts: Filament (made of flagellin), Hook, and Basal Body (motorized by proton motive force).
What is the function of axial filaments?
Axial filaments enable spirochetes to move in a corkscrew motion, aiding in tissue invasion.
What is the cytosol in prokaryotic cells?
The cytosol is the liquid portion of the cytoplasm, containing water, dissolved substances, and the nucleoid with DNA.
What is an inclusion, and what is its purpose?
An inclusion is a deposit within the cytosol storing nutrients like lipids, starch, and gases for times of scarcity.
