Chp 3. Cells Flashcards
What is Cell Theory?
The cell is the OG of life—smallest functional unit. No cells, no life.
How many cell types are there?
Over 200 cell types—think body’s Swiss Army knife.
What are the 3 Cell Basics?
Plasma membrane (outer shell), cytoplasm (gooey inside), nucleus (big boss).
What is the structure of the Plasma Membrane?
Phospholipid sandwich—flexible, stabilizes with cholesterol, packed with proteins.
What is the function of the Membrane?
Keeps inside stuff in, outside stuff out—ICF vs. ECF.
What are the types of Membrane Proteins?
Integral = snugly fit. Peripheral = loosely chillin’.
What are Tight Junctions?
Seal the deal—nothing sneaks between cells.
What are Desmosomes?
Velcro of cells—keeps them together under stress.
What are Gap Junctions?
Open chat between cells—ions and signals zoom through.
What are the types of Transport?
Passive (no energy) = chill. Active (needs ATP) = hustle.
What is Simple Diffusion?
Straight up through the membrane—O₂ and CO₂ like VIPs.
What is Facilitated Diffusion?
Channels or carriers—protein bouncers for glucose and amino acids.
What is Osmosis?
Water takes the scenic route through aquaporins.
What is Tonicity?
Isotonic: Chill vibes.
Hypertonic: Shrivel drama.
Hypotonic: Big puff energy.
What is Active Transport?
Pumps like Na⁺/K⁺—low to high, powered by ATP.
What does the Na⁺/K⁺ Pump do?
Pumps 3 Na⁺ out, 2 K⁺ in—keeps nerves and muscles buzzin’.
What is the Cytoskeleton?
Cell’s skeleton—microtubules (shape), filaments (strength).
What is the function of Mitochondria?
Powerhouse, baby! ATP factory running on O₂.
What is the Golgi Apparatus?
Protein post office—modifies, packages, ships.
What are Ribosomes?
Protein chefs—free = cytosol menu, bound = membrane menu.
What is Rough ER?
Protein factory with ribosomes.
What is Smooth ER?
Lipids, detox, and calcium storage.
What are Lysosomes?
Cell’s trash crew—digests junk, defends like ninjas.
What is Phagocytosis?
“Cell eating”—immune cells munch on invaders.
