Chp 3. Cells

Question 1

What is Cell Theory?

Answer 1

The cell is the OG of life—smallest functional unit. No cells, no life.

Question 2

How many cell types are there?

Answer 2

Over 200 cell types—think body’s Swiss Army knife.

Question 3

What are the 3 Cell Basics?

Answer 3

Plasma membrane (outer shell), cytoplasm (gooey inside), nucleus (big boss).

Question 4

What is the structure of the Plasma Membrane?

Answer 4

Phospholipid sandwich—flexible, stabilizes with cholesterol, packed with proteins.

Question 5

What is the function of the Membrane?

Answer 5

Keeps inside stuff in, outside stuff out—ICF vs. ECF.

Question 6

What are the types of Membrane Proteins?

Answer 6

Integral = snugly fit. Peripheral = loosely chillin’.

Question 7

What are Tight Junctions?

Answer 7

Seal the deal—nothing sneaks between cells.

Question 8

What are Desmosomes?

Answer 8

Velcro of cells—keeps them together under stress.

Question 9

What are Gap Junctions?

Answer 9

Open chat between cells—ions and signals zoom through.

Question 10

What are the types of Transport?

Answer 10

Passive (no energy) = chill. Active (needs ATP) = hustle.

Question 11

What is Simple Diffusion?

Answer 11

Straight up through the membrane—O₂ and CO₂ like VIPs.

Question 12

What is Facilitated Diffusion?

Answer 12

Channels or carriers—protein bouncers for glucose and amino acids.

Question 13

What is Osmosis?

Answer 13

Water takes the scenic route through aquaporins.

Question 14

What is Tonicity?

Answer 14

Isotonic: Chill vibes.
Hypertonic: Shrivel drama.
Hypotonic: Big puff energy.

Question 15

What is Active Transport?

Answer 15

Pumps like Na⁺/K⁺—low to high, powered by ATP.

Question 16

What does the Na⁺/K⁺ Pump do?

Answer 16

Pumps 3 Na⁺ out, 2 K⁺ in—keeps nerves and muscles buzzin’.

Question 17

What is the Cytoskeleton?

Answer 17

Cell’s skeleton—microtubules (shape), filaments (strength).

Question 18

What is the function of Mitochondria?

Answer 18

Powerhouse, baby! ATP factory running on O₂.

Question 19

What is the Golgi Apparatus?

Answer 19

Protein post office—modifies, packages, ships.

Question 20

What are Ribosomes?

Answer 20

Protein chefs—free = cytosol menu, bound = membrane menu.

Question 21

What is Rough ER?

Answer 21

Protein factory with ribosomes.

Question 22

What is Smooth ER?

Answer 22

Lipids, detox, and calcium storage.

Question 23

What are Lysosomes?

Answer 23

Cell’s trash crew—digests junk, defends like ninjas.

Question 24

What is Phagocytosis?

Answer 24

“Cell eating”—immune cells munch on invaders.

Question 25

What is the Nucleus?

Answer 25

HQ with DNA blueprints—dictates all cell actions.

Question 26

What is Transcription?

Answer 26

DNA whispers to mRNA (in nucleus).

Question 27

What is Translation?

Answer 27

mRNA talks to ribosomes to make proteins.

Question 28

What is Chromatin?

Answer 28

DNA in chill mode—turns into chromosomes when it’s go time.

Question 29

What is Interphase?

Answer 29

Growth + prep.

Question 30

What is Mitosis?

Answer 30

Cell splits like a boss.

Question 31

What are Microvilli?

Answer 31

Surface boosters for absorption pros (like in intestines).

Question 32

What are Cilia?

Answer 32

Tiny movers—wave goodbye to mucus in lungs.

Question 33

What are Flagella?

Answer 33

Big tails for swimming—think sperm squad.