Chapter 4 Tissue

Question 1

What are tissues?

Answer 1

Squad of similar cells working together. Four types: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.

Question 2

What are the two types of epithelial tissue?

Answer 2

Covering/lining (surfaces) and glandular (secretes stuff).

Question 3

What are the traits of epithelial tissue?

Answer 3

Free top (apical), attached bottom (basal), packed tight, no blood vessels, but regenerates like a pro.

Question 4

What are the layers of epithelial tissue?

Answer 4

Simple = 1 layer. Stratified = stacked like pancakes.

Question 5

What are the shapes of epithelial tissue?

Answer 5

Squamous = flat. Cuboidal = boxy. Columnar = tall.

Question 6

What is simple squamous epithelium?

Answer 6

Flat and fast for diffusion (lungs, blood vessels).

Question 7

What is simple cuboidal epithelium?

Answer 7

Cube vibes—good at secretion/absorption (kidneys, glands).

Question 8

What is simple columnar epithelium?

Answer 8

Tall, often with goblet cells (secrete mucus). Found in the digestive tract.

Question 9

What is stratified squamous epithelium?

Answer 9

Layered protection against wear and tear (skin, mouth).

Question 10

What is transitional epithelium?

Answer 10

Stretchy champs for bladder expansion.

Question 11

What are glands?

Answer 11

Secretory machines. Endocrine = hormones to blood. Exocrine = products to ducts.

Question 12

What are the modes of secretion?

Answer 12

Merocrine: Exocytosis (sweat, saliva). Holocrine: Cell explosion (sebaceous/oil glands).

Question 13

What is connective tissue?

Answer 13

The glue and cushion—binds, supports, insulates, and transports.

Question 14

What are the ingredients of connective tissue?

Answer 14

Ground substance = filler. Fibers = collagen (strong), elastic (stretchy), reticular (network vibes). Cells = fibroblasts (fibers), chondroblasts (cartilage), osteoblasts (bone).

Question 15

What is areolar connective tissue?

Answer 15

Cushions organs.

Question 16

What is adipose connective tissue?

Answer 16

Fat storage, insulation.

Question 17

What is reticular connective tissue?

Answer 17

Framework for lymph nodes, spleen.

Question 18

What is regular dense connective tissue?

Answer 18

Tight fibers for tendons/ligaments.

Question 19

What is irregular dense connective tissue?

Answer 19

Random fibers for skin/joints.

Question 20

What are the types of cartilage?

Answer 20

Hyaline: Smooth (joints, nose). Elastic: Flexible (ears). Fibrocartilage: Tough (discs, knees).

Question 21

What is bone (osseous tissue)?

Answer 21

Hard matrix with calcium salts. Bone = support HQ.

Question 22

What is blood?

Answer 22

Liquid tissue—transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste.

Question 23

What is nervous tissue?

Answer 23

Brain and nerve squad—sends electric signals like text messages.

Question 24

What are the types of muscle tissue?

Answer 24

Skeletal: Voluntary, striped, moves bones. Cardiac: Heart only, striped, involuntary. Smooth: No stripes, moves stuff in organs.

Question 25

What are the types of body membranes?

Answer 25

Cutaneous: Skin. Mucous: Open cavities (nose, mouth). Serous: Closed cavities (lungs, heart).

Question 26

What are the steps of tissue repair?

Answer 26

Inflammation (clean-up crew arrives). Organization (new tissue starts forming). Regeneration (scab gone, tissue good as new).

Question 27

What are the developmental germ layers?

Answer 27

Ectoderm: Nerves. Mesoderm: Muscles, connective tissue. Endoderm: Linings.

Question 28

What are goblet cells?

Answer 28

Mucus makers—single-cell glands in epithelial tissues.