chp 24

Question 1

is evolution on the smallest scale, and can be defined as a change in the genetic makeup of a population

Answer 1

microevolution

Question 2

a localized group of indiv belonging to the same species

Answer 2

population

Question 3

a group of populations whose indiv have the potential to interbreed and produce fertile offspring in nature

Answer 3

specices

Question 4

total aggregate of genes in a popn at any one time

consists of all allelles at all gene loci in all indivduals

Answer 4

gene pool

Question 5

if all the members are homozygous for the same allele, the allele is said to be

Answer 5

fixed in the gene pool

Question 6

term referring to a popns frequencies of alleles and genotypes

Answer 6

genetic structure

Question 7

describes a non-evolving population
states that the freq of alleles and genotypes in a popns gene pool remain constant over generations unless acted upon by agents other than sexual recombination

Answer 7

hardy weinberg theorem

Question 8

5 conditions that are required for HW equilibrium

Answer 8

1. very large popn size
2. isolation from other populations
3. no net mutations
4. random mating
5. no natural selection

Question 9

5 causes of microevolution why no

HW

Answer 9

genetic drift
gene flow
mutations
non random mating
natural selection

Question 10

study of genes and genotypes in a population

helps us understand how genetic variation is related to phenotypic variation

Answer 10

popn genetics

Question 11

all of the alleles for every gene in a given population

emphasis is often of variation in alleles among members of a pop

Answer 11

gene pool

Question 12

group of indiv. of the same species that occupy the same environment and can interbreed

Answer 12

population

Question 13

many traits display variation within a pop

2 or more alleles

Answer 13

polymorphism

Question 14

predominately single allele

Answer 14

monomorphic

Question 15

smallest type of genetic change in a gene

Answer 15

single nucleotide polymorphism snp

Question 16

importance for evolution

Answer 16

genetic diversity is the raw material for evolution

Question 17

differential success in the reproduction of different phenotypes so on indiv will be able to produce more offspring than others

Answer 17

Nat seln

Question 18

likelihood of an indiv contributing fertile offspringn to the next generation

survive and reproduce

Answer 18

Reproductive success

Question 19

relative likelihood tha ta genotype will contribute to the gene pool of the next generation as compared with other genotypes
it is a measure of reproductive success

Answer 19

fitness

Question 20

Nat Seln patterns

Answer 20

directional selection
stabalizing selection
disruptive/diversifying
balancing selection

Question 21

two or more alleles are kept in balance, and therefore are maintained in a pop over the course of many generations

Answer 21

balanced polymorphism

Question 22

a type of natural electon directed at certain traits of sexually reproducing species that make it more likely for indiv to find or choose a mate and or engage in successful mating

Answer 22

sexual selection

Question 23

selection between members of the same sex

Answer 23

intrasexual selection

Question 24

selection between members of the opposite sex

Answer 24

intersexual selection

Question 25

changes in allele frequency due to random chance

Answer 25

genetic drift

Question 26

pop reduced dramatically by natural disaster and then rebuilds
new pop less likely to have less genetic variation

Answer 26

bottleneck effect

Question 27

a small group of indiv separates from larger popn and establilshes new colo
less genetic variation

Answer 27

founder effect

Question 28

most genetic variation is due to the accumulation of neutral mutations that have attained high frequencies due to genetic drift
do not affect the phenotype so they are not acted upon by natural selection

Answer 28

neutral theory of evolution

Question 29

natural selection and genetic drift cause most of the changes in allele frequency in evolving pop

Answer 29

true

Question 30

mvmt between 2 diff establishes pop

causes gene flow

Answer 30

migration

Question 31

indiv choosing mates due to some criteria and it is not random

Answer 31

non random mating

Question 32

indiv with similar phenotypes are more likely to mate

Answer 32

assortative mating

Question 33

dissimilar phenotypes mate prefertinally

Answer 33

disassortative mating

Question 34

choice of mate based on genetic history

increase the likelihood the indiv will be homozygous

Answer 34

inbreeding