Chp 23 Assessing Abdomen Flashcards
Flow of the intestines?
Left lower, left upper, right upper, right lower
Where is the ascending colon?
RUQ
Where is the duodenum in the abdomen?
RUQ
Where is the liver?
RUQ
Where is the pancreatic head?
RUQ
Where is the pylorus located in the abdomen?
RUQ
Where is the appendix?
RLQ
Where is the ascending colon located?
RLQ
Where is the cecum located?
RLQ
Uterus is located in which quadrants?
Right and left lower quadrant
What quadrants are the kidneys located in?
Right and left upper quadrant
Where is the pancreas located?
LUQ
Where is the spleen located?
LUQ
Where is the stomach located?
LUQ
Where is the epigastric region?
Upper mid abdomen
Where is the umbilical region?
Center of abdomen
Where are the right and left hypochondriac region?
Upper right and left areas
Where are the right and left iliac regions?
Lower left and right areas
Where is the hypogastric region?
Lower middle
Three layers from back around flanks, to front
External abdominal oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis
Solid viscera organs?
Liver, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, kidneys, ovaries, uterus
Hollow viscera organs?
Stomach, gallbladder, small intestine, colon, bladder
What groups have 40%-50% higher risk for gastric cancer?
Blacks, Hispanics, Asian, Pacific Islanders
Asian Americans have lower rates of what compared to US population?
Esophageal adenocarcinoma
What disease affects women more than men?
Gallbladder disease
What are keloids?
Excess scar tissue from trauma or surgery
What area would appendix pain include?
Peri umbilical area to RLQ
What area would flank pain include?
Kidney radiating down the lower abdomen from the ureter
General routine screening steps?
Observe coloration, umbilicus, contour/symmetry, aortic pulsations and peristaltic waves
Auscultation bowel sounds,
Percuss tones over four quadrants
Palpate four quadrants
What is the order of assessment for abdomen?
Inspection
Auscultation
Percussion
Palpation
What sounds to look out for when auscultating?
Bowel sounds, vascular sounds, venous hums, friction rub over liver spleen
How to test for appendicitis?
Assess for rebound tenderness
Testing for ascites (fluid build up in abdomen)
Test for shifting dullness
Perform fluid wave test
Testing for cholecystitis?
Asses RUQ for tenderness
Psoas sign
Pain in RLQ when leg hyperextended
Obturator sign
Pain in RLQ when hip and knee flexed and leg rotated internally and externally
Murphy sign
Pain when pressure applied under liver border or right costal margin and client inhaled deeply
When do you assess the width of the aorta?
Is older than 50 or has hypertension
What are peptic ulcers?
An open sore that forms in the lining of the esophagus stomach or small intestine
What are some controllable risk factors that cause peptic ulcers?
Smoking, alcohol, spicy foods, NSAID, stress, H. pylori, family, history, radiation treatments, Zollinger Ellison syndrome
What is Zollinger Ellison syndrome?
A rare tumor in the pancreas
What is GERD?
Stomach or gastric acid it’s low back into the esophagus
What are some risk factors of GERD?
Obesity, pregnancy, smoking, dry mouth, diabetes, asthma
What should you educate a client that has GERD on?
Avoiding alcohol and tobacco, eating 5 to 6 small meals, a day, not lying down for at least two hours after eating
What does the fluid waived test check for?
Ascites (abnormal buildup of fluid in the abdomen)
What does the Murphy sign test for?
Cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder)
What do psoas sign an obturator signs test for?
Appendicitis
The abdomen is bordered superiorly by?
The coastal margins
The afternoon is bordered inferiorly by?
The symphysis pubis and inguinal canals
The afternoon is bordered by the?
Flanks
What is the purpose of the abdominal wall muscles?
To protect internal organs
What are the different body systems of the abdomen?
Gastrointestinal, reproductive, lymphatic, urinary
Solid visceral organs
Liver, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, kidneys, ovaries, uterus
Hollow viscera organs
Stomach, gallbladder, small intestine, colon, bladder
Hey sera that is not normally palpable
Pancreas spleen, stomach, gallbladder, small intestine
What are the vascular structures in the abdominal region?
Abdominal aorta, right and left iliac arteries
Risk factors for peptic ulcer disease
H pylori, excessive alcohol, NSAIDs, smoking illness, radiation, Zollinger Ellison syndrome
Risk factors for GERD
Obesity, hernia, pregnancy, smoking, dry mouth, asthma, diabetes, scleroderma alcohol
What is the method of collection of accurate nursing history in regards to the clients abdomen?
Current symptoms past history, family, history lifestyle
Steps to prepare a client for an abdominal examination
Empty the bladder, gown, supine, drape for client, breath through mouth
List the equipment needed for an abdominal examination
Pillow or blanket, centimeter ruler, stethoscope, pen, gown
Steps of examining the abdomen
Inspect auscultate percuss palpate
Describe the order to listen to bowel sounds
Right lower quadrant, right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, left lower quadrant
What are the five different tests for appendicitis?
Rebound tenderness, referred, rebound tenderness, psoas sign, obturator sign, hyper sensitivity test
What test do you use to detect cholecystitis?
Murphy sign, right upper quadrant pain
What is visceral pain?
Hollow abdominal organs become distended or contract forcefully
What is parietal pain?
When the parietal peritoneum becomes inflamed
What is referred pain?
The travels from the primary site and becomes highly localized at the distance site
What are abnormal findings of the abdomen?
Enlarged liver, spleen, kidney gallbladder, liver higher than normal, aortic aneurysm
