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biology Final > CHP 20 Mammals > Flashcards

CHP 20 Mammals Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the unique characteristics of mammals (no other groups of animals have these features)?

A 
Hair or fur
Four glands
Heterodont teeth
Highly developed brain
Three middle ear bones
Extended care for the young
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2
Q

What does hair provide for mammals?

A

Provides insulation
Camouflage
Warning

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3
Q

Colorations of hair

A

Overall brown/grey to hide

No natural blues or greens

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4
Q

Vibrissae

A

tactile “whiskers

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5
Q

Pinnae

A

the external part of the ear in humans and other mammals; the auricle.

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6
Q

What are the four glands mammals have?

A

Mammary Glands
Sweat Gland:
Sebaceous Gland
Scent and Musk Glands

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7
Q

Mammary Glands

A

Milk: nutritious secretion for young

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8
Q

Sweat Gland:

A

Eccrine (foot pads)
Clear, watery fluid
Cools by evaporation

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9
Q

Sebaceous Gland

A

Oil
Keep skin/hair soft
Insulation
Waterproofing

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10
Q

Scent and Musk Glands

A

Attracting mates
Marking territories
Identification and communication

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11
Q

How are mammal bones different from bird bones?

A

Three inner ear bones- only in mammals

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12
Q

What are occipital condyles? How many do mammals have?

A

enabling the head to move relative to the neck..
two.
Only found in mammal

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13
Q

What are horns? Who has them?

A

keratin

rhino water bufflo giraffi

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14
Q

What are antlers? Who has them

A

real bone

Found in deer, moose

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15
Q

What are the different types of movement? (8 of them)

A

Natatorial: swimming

Volant: Flying

Cursorial: walking or running long distance

Scansorial: climbers

Arboreal: extreme climbers

Saltatorial: hoppers

Ricochetal: hind limb only hopping

Fossorial: digging

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16
Q

Natatorial:

A

swimming

Manatee

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17
Q

Volant

A

Flying

Bats

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18
Q

Cursorial:

A

walking or running long distance

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19
Q

Scansorial

A

climbers

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20
Q

Arboreal

A

extreme climbers

21
Q

Saltatorial

A

hoppers

22
Q

Ricochetal

A

hind limb only hopping

23
Q

Fossorial

A

digging

24
Q

What mammals migrate?

A 
Land:
Large, hoofed mammals
Water:
Cetaceans (whales dolphins, porpoises) and pinnipedia  (seals and walruses)
Air:
Chiropterans
25
Q

What type of feeding groups do mammals exhibit?

A 
Four groups 
Insectivores
Herbivores
Carnivores
Omnivores
26
Q

Insectivores

A

Incisors: snipping and biting
Often small rodents
Shrews eat 80%-90% of body weight daily

27
Q

Herbivores

A

Premolars and Molars: shearing, slicing, crushing and grinding

28
Q

Carnivores

A

Canines: piercing

29
Q

Omnivores

A

flat gritty

30
Q

Brain: Three Parts

A

Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Medulla

31
Q

Cerebrum:

A

site of thinking, learning, memory, and interpretation

32
Q

Cerebellum:

A

coordinated movements

33
Q

Medulla

A

regulated autonomic systems

34
Q

What determine intelligence?

A

Intelligence: degree of folding and convolutions on cerebrum best indicator

35
Q

Which animals are seem to have the higher level of intelligence due to folding?

A

dolphines

36
Q

Do mammals smell?

A

yes

Acute in carnivores, rodents, and hoofed mammals

37
Q

Do they hear?

A

yes

38
Q

What is echolocation?

A

hearing self-generated sound for navigation and location of prey

39
Q

Do mammals see?

A

yes

40
Q

Are all mammals able to see color?

A

Most mammals color-blind

Squirrels and primates need to see ripe fruit and nuts

41
Q

How do mammals feel their environment?

A

Touch
Well-developed
Receptors associated with hair follicles
Stimulated by hair displacement

42
Q

Who are the monotremes? What is unique about them?

A

Spiny anteater ,Duckbilled platypus
Egg laying mammals
No nipples
Cloaca

43
Q

Who are the marsupials? What is unique about them

A

Kola, Tasmanian Devil, Kangaroo, Wombat
Pouched animals
Most live in Australia and nearby islands
Opossums in N. America
Babies suckle and develop inside a permanent pouch

44
Q

Who are the eutherians? What is unique about them?

A 
wolves bears racoons 
Placental mammals
Most diverse mammalian group
Young develop in mother’s uterus
Placenta composed of maternal and fetal tissues; nourishes fetus, delivers oxygen, and removes wastes
45
Q

How is development different between these three groups of mammals?

A

monotremes-Egg laying mammals
marsupials-Babies suckle and develop inside a permanent pouch

eutherians-Young develop in mother’s uterus, Placental mammals

46
Q

Who are the primates?

A

Prosimians, monkeys, apes, and humans

47
Q

Who are the great apes?

A

gorillas (Africa), bonobos (Africa), orangutans (SE Asia), and chimpanzees (Africa).

48
Q

Why are mammals important? 1

A 
Endangered and Extinct Mammals
Human Impacts
Primates hit especially hard
Loss of forests
Bush-meat trade
Pet trade
49
Q

Why are mammals important? 2

A 
Impact environment and ecology 
Burrowing: alters ground structure
Building: beaver ponds create habitat
Grazing: disperses seeds
Whales and walrus stir up ocean floor
Humans
Food Web
Links
Apex predators

biology Final (4 decks)

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