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biology Final > CHP 19 BIRDS > Flashcards

CHP 19 BIRDS Flashcards

memorization

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1
Q

How are birds similar to reptiles?

A 
Vertebrae of neck is similar
Same middle ear bone
Jaws are similar
Both secrete uric acid as waste
Eggs develop similarly
Nucleated red blood cells
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2
Q

General Characteristics of Birds 1

A 
Feathers
Paired limbs: 
Forelimbs: wings
Hindlimbs: scaled legs with clawed toes
Endothermic
Four-chambered heart
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3
Q

General Characteristics of Birds 2

A

Bones: lightweight and hollow
Beak
Small lungs with 9 air sacs
Lay amniotic eggs

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4
Q

birds have teeth

A

No teeth

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5
Q

Syrinx:

A

creates bird song/calls

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6
Q

do birds have a cloaca

A

yes

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7
Q

Diet is and produces what color

A

pink due to beta-carotene in crustaceans

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8
Q

Carotenoids produce what color

A

Carotenoids: red, orange, yellow

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9
Q

Melanin: produces what color

A

brown, black, grey

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10
Q

Dyck Texture is and produces what color

A

: blue, green and metallic sheen

Texture scatters light wavelength

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11
Q

Plumage

A

Arrangement and appearance of feathers on a bird’s body

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12
Q

Five Functions of Feathers

A 
Insulate and hold heat
Create wing and tail surfaces
Waterproof the body
Camouflage 
Species recognition
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13
Q

Contour

A

Flight feathers
Attached to muscle
Body feathers

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14
Q

Down

A

Trap air for insulation

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15
Q

Semiplume feathers

A

Protection and insulations

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16
Q

Filoplume

A

Attached to nerve endings

Send signals for placement of feathers for flight, preening, and insulation

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17
Q

Preening

A

use of bill to hook breaks in contour feathers together

Apply oily secretions

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18
Q

Anting

A

using insects that secrete formic acid

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19
Q

Number in comparison to mammals and reptiles?

A

Fewer than mammal or reptile

20
Q

Keel

A

flattened sternum for muscle attachment

21
Q

Which muscle is the largest and used in downbeat of flight?

A

Pectoralis: largest of all; breast muscle for downstroke of flight

22
Q

Which muscles is used to raise the wing?

A

Supracoracoideus: Raises the wing

23
Q

What are the different types of flight?

A

Gliding
Soaring
Long periods of flight

Passive Soaring
Use thermals

Active Soaring
Require continuous wind

Flapping

24
Q

Which ones are used of over water? Over land?

A

Dynamic soaring flight over water

soaring flight over land

25
Q

Why Migrate

A

Change of seasons
Food and water availability
Breeding sites

26
Q

What do birds use to migrate (at night, day..)?

A

Day: use sight; go from landmark to landmark
Sun’s orientation
Night: Star navigation

27
Q

Why is the keel of a flightless bird smaller than a flying bird?

A

Either run or swim Smaller wing bone and reduced instead

28
Q

Birds Feeding strategy

A

Herbivore

Carnivore

Omnivore

Scavenger

29
Q

Describe the herbivore digestive tract

A 
Complex digestive system
Crop: storage
Stomach: two parts
Proventriculus: digestive juices
Gizzard: grind food
Intestines
Cloaca
30
Q

Crop

A

: storage

31
Q

Stomach

A

: two parts

32
Q

Proventriculus

A

: digestive juices

33
Q

Gizzard

A

grind food

34
Q

What is the significance of birds have small lungs but 9 air sacs?

A

So Birds have a constant supply of air

35
Q

Syrinx does and used to

A

produces sound
Used for mating
Warnings
Feeding

36
Q

do bird have a bladder

A

No urinary bladder

Uric acid

37
Q

Describe birds vision

A

Eyes do not move
More abundant rods and cones
Some birds see UV

38
Q

How many eyelids do they have? What are they used for?

A

Three Eyelids
Top and bottom close during sleep

Nictitating membrane:
wipes eye horizontally
protects eyes in dive

39
Q

Do birds have a pinna?

A

No pinna

40
Q

How many internal ear bones?

A

one

41
Q

Do birds smell?

Do birds taste?

A

Generally considered poor smell
Exception in Kiwi and carnivorous birds

Few taste buds
Located at back of tongue

42
Q

How do birds ‘feel’ their environment around them?

A

Use filoplumes to sense the world

43
Q

How do birds reproduce?

A

Separate sexes

Mate with internal fertilization

44
Q

Do they take care of the young?

A

Young receive varied parental care until independent

45
Q

what are Brood parasites

A

Brood parasites are organisms that rely on others to raise their young.

46
Q

Why are birds important?

A

Meat and eggs provide 15% of total animal protein
Guano: best natural fertilizer
Pests: damage fruit and grain crops
pets

47
Q

What is the unique characteristic of birds?

A

feathers

biology Final (4 decks)

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