Chp 2 Cardiac And Respiratory Flashcards
Distole phase
Filling with blood
Relaxed
The cardiac system is made up of
The heart
Blood
Vessels - veins, arteries, cappilaries
Systole phase
Pumping blood out contraction
Stroke volume
Measure of how much blood is pumped out of the heart each time it beats.
Av 70-90mL
Increases up to 40% max during exercise
Cardiac output
Stroke volume x heart rate
= amount of blood pumped out per min
At rest 80mL x 60 bpm = 4800 mL/m
Max exercise 130mL x 200 bpm = 26000 mL/m
Circulation of blood through the body
Right atrium Tricuspid valve Right ventricle Pulmonary valve Pulmonary artery Lungs Pulmonary vein Left atrium Bicuspid valve Left ventricle Aortic valve Aorta Body
Amount of blood in the body
Adult male: approx 5-6L
Adult female: approx 4-5L
Blood contains
Blood cells - red, white and platelets
Plasma
45% , 55%
Red blood cells
Produced in bone marrow
Contains protein haemoglobin ( carries oxygen)
White blood cells
Produced in bone marrow, lymph tissue, spleen Fight infection (. Absorbs and digests)
Platelets
Produced in bone marrow
Forms blood clots
Plasma
Clear , yellowish fluid
90% water (dehydration)
Transports nutrients and waste
Protein fibrinogen - blood clotting
Functions of the blood
-Transportation of
Gases
Fuels
Minerals
-Protection against dehydration and infection
-Maintains equilibrium via enzyme and hormone regulation
Systolic blood pressure
Pressure/ force against the heart walls when it’s pumping
Diastolic blood pressure
Pressure/ force against the heart walls as it’s relaxed
Syphgmomanometer
Measures blood pressure
Typical reading
120 mmhg
80 mmhg
Vascular network blood flows through
Arteries - arterioles Away from the heart Cappilaries Muscles Venules - veins Back to the heart
Precappilary sphincter
A band if smooth muscle that adjusts the blood flow into each capillary
Pulmonary diffusion
The gaseous exchange that occurs in the lungs
Respiratory system network
Nose/mouth Pharaynx Larynx Trachea Bronchus ( left or right) Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli
Tidal volume
Amount of air inhaled and exhaled per breath average 500-600
Pulmonary/minute ventilation (Ve)
= respiratory rate x tidal volume
At rest = 12 x .5 = 6.0L/min
Vital capacity
The amount of oxygen your lungs can hold
Steady state
Oxygen supply = oxygen demand
Experienced when jogging
When oxygen supply cannot equal the demand it is know as VO2 maximum
Inspiration
Breathing in
Chest expands
Diaphragm contracts
Volume of lungs increase
Expiration
Breathing out
Chest contracts
Diaphragm relaxes
Volume of lungs decrease
Functions of pulmonary diffusion
Provide body with oxygen
Remove carbon dioxide
Happens between alveoli and cappilaries
Arteriovenous oxygen difference
A- VO2 diff
Indication of oxygen concentration between the veins and arteries
How much oxygen the body used
At rest: 15ml O2 per 100ml
As exercise intensity rises the avo2 diff will increase
